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ChapterOne
NOTIONANDSOURCES
OFCOMMERCIALLAW
1.OBJECTANDMETHODOFREGULATION
CommercialLawregulatescommercialturnover/transactions1
ingeneral.Commercialturnover/transactionsmaybedefined
fromboththeeconomicandlegalpointofview.Fromtheeconomic
pointofviewcommercialturnoverisunderstoodastheexchange
ofthegoodsandservicesusingthetransferofmoneyorin-kindgoods
(goodswhichcanbecalculatedinmonetaryterms).Fromthelegal
pointofviewcommercialturnoverencompasstheactivityofanen-
trepreneurrenderingperformance(sellinggoodsorservic-
es)toanotherpersonwithinthescopeofhisenterprise’sactivity.
Inotherwordsitmaybesaidthatcommerciallawregulateslegal
relationsbetweenparticipantsofthemarket.
Commercialturnoverincludebusinesstobusinessrelations
(B2B),wherebothpartiestoatransactionareentrepreneursacting
withinthescopeoftheirprofessionalactivity.andbusinesstocon-
sumerrelations(B2C),whereonepartyisanentrepreneuracting
1
Itshouldbenotedthattheterms(turnover’and(transactions’arebasical-
lyinterchangeable.Atransaction,bydefinition,producesaturnover,andaturn-
overisbasedonatransaction.InPolishlawtheterm(turnover’isused,while
inAnglo-Saxonlegalsystemstheterm(transaction’isusuallyused.Inthisbook
thetermsareusedeithersimultaneouslyorseparately,butunlessotherwisenoted
theyhavethesamemeaning.
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