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totheestablishmentofthisfirstsecularhighereducationinstitution,the
AnglicanKing’sCollegewasfoundedin1829.In1836,bothinstitutions
formedpartoftheUniversityofLondon,foundedbythegovernment
toexaminestudentsandawarddegrees.Othermatters,suchasteaching
curriculaandmethods,remainedwithinthedecision-makingpowersof
thecolleges(Vernon,2004,pp.51-62).Owingtoitsopenstructure,the
numberofhighereducationprovidersaffiliatedwiththeUniversityof
LondonincreasedquicklyandincludeduniversitiesinotherEnglishcit-
ies.Asaresultofthereformimplementedduringtheyears1898-1900,
manyautonomousuntilthattimecollegesofLondonbecameconstitu-
entpartsofthefederalUniversityofLondon.Thescopeofsupervision
performedbytheUniversityofLondonovertheaffiliatedinstitutions
wasalsoextendedtoincludetheteachingprocess(Vernon,2004,p.91).
OneoftheuniversitiesaffiliatedtotheUniversityofLondonwasthe
LondonSchoolofEconomicsandPoliticalScience(LSE).Foundedin
1895bySidneyWebb,BeatriceWebb,GrahamWallasandGeorgeBer-
nardShaw,membersoftheFabianSociety,itwasintendedtopopular-
izeFabianSocialism.5
OutsideLondon,fourotheruniversitieswerecreatedinGreatBritain
inthe19thcentury.In1832-1837,theAnglicanUniversityofDurham
wasestablishedinNorthEastEngland(Vernon,2004,pp.101-102).
In1880,theFederalVictoriaUniversitywasfoundedbyRoyalCharter
tounitetheOwensCollegeofManchester,theUniversityCollegeof
Liverpool,andtheYorkshireCollegeofLeeds.Thethreeuniversities
becameindependentagainintheearly1990s,whiletheVictoriaUni-
versityofManchester(whichretainedthenameofthefederaluniver-
sity)wastobecomeoneofthekeyacademiccentresofinstitutionalized
politicalstudies,whichsawarapiddevelopmentinthesubsequentdec-
ades(R.Barker,2014,pp.35-41).In1893,theFederalUniversityof
Waleswasestablished.ItsconstituentcollegesincludedAberystwyth,
CardiffandBangor(Vernon,2004,pp.37-39).ThehistoryoftheIrish
Queen’sUniversityofIreland,foundedinBelfastin1850,isabitmore
complex.Itsconstituentcollegesincludedthreecollegeswhichadmit-
tedcatholicstudents(unliketheUniversityofDublin)inBelfast,Cork
5HenryHuntHutchinson(1822-1894)bequeathed£10,000(today,anequivalent
ofca.£1m)totheFabianSociety,andthusfacilitatedtheestablishmentofLSE.
Today,theHutchinsonSilverMedalisawardedeveryyeartostudentsofLSEfor
outstandingachievementsinresearch(Dahrendorf,1995,p.4).
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