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Introduction
Asaresearchcategory,disabilitybecomesorganizedintoproblemsonlywhenit
isjuxtaposedtoasubjectburdenedwithdisabilityandthesurroundingconditions.
Attributingthedimensionofaphenomenon,stateorpossessiontodisability,aswell
astakingintoaccountitsprocessualityanditsdynamicsasthebasisofascientific
problemnotonlyencouragestobutalsonecessitatesreachingbeyondtheborders
ofonediscipline.Breakingfreefromtheconceptualtraditionrootedinaparticu-
larscientificdisciplinebringsaboutthemultiparadigmaticnatureofresearchap-
proaches.Tetwolastdecadesconstituteasignificantperiodinthedevelopment
ofparadigmaticallydiferentiatedresearchformulasandtheconceptsconstructed
withinthemwhichhaveaimedatrecognizingandunderstandingthedailyrouti-
neofpeoplewithdisability.Tisdevelopmenthasintensifiedthemigrationofthe
notionofdisability,whichwasatfirstsituatedinmedicalandpsychologicalap-
proachestohumanfunctioningbutnowisalsoconsideredinsocialandcultural
contexts.Tisisillustratedinthetransformationsofspecialeducation,initiated
byturningtheresearchers’focusonnotonlywhatcausedthedisabilitybutalso
whatcausesit-providingitwiththedynamicdimension1.AsReinhartKoselleck
(2012)notices,suchadimensionisatypicalsignofthehistoricalmigrationofmany
notionsandisassociatedwithscientificadvancement.
Whatcanbeviewedasanimportantfactorofthestateofaparticularscienti-
ficdisciplineisthedevelopmentallevelandthespecificconditionofmethodology
(Lewowicki,2001,p.9).Inotherwords,thedevelopmentalconditionofaparticu-
larscientificdisciplineismeasuredthroughmethodologicalcorrectness(Hajduk,
2012,p.11).Moreover,maturityandmethodologicalspecificityformthefounda-
tionfortheprocessofdistinguishingacertainscientificdiscipline(Bronk,2003,
p.47).Amongthecriteriaofindependenceofaparticularscientificdiscipline,there
isthepresenceofasetofquestionsaddressedtoacertainfragmentoftheworld,
seeninthepreciseaspectoftheexistingcognitiveaim,thedistinguishednotional
apparatusandresearchmethod,aswellasthesystematizationoftheacquiredknow-
ledge(Bronk,Majdański2009,p.59).Mostfrequently,itistheresearchmethod
orthedistinguishedsetofproblemswhichmarkthescientificquality(Kamiński,
1981,p.168).Teformalsubject(asetofresearchobjects)doesnotdeterminethe
independenceofascientificdiscipline,aslongasitdoesnotbelongtoanyotherdi-
scipline(Bronk,Majdański2009,p.59),althoughitisadistinctivefeatureofmajor
naturalorhumanisticsciences.Inthecaseofscienceslocatedinthecommondisci-
pline,theobjectofinterestofenconstitutestheircommondenominator-byspe-
1
AccordingtoKoselleck,attributingdynamicstohistoricalnotionsisatypicalmanifestationoftheir
migration.See:Koselleck,2012.
