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1.2.Sourcesofpubliceconomiclaw
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memainprinciplesderivedfromthetreatylaware:theruleofcompe-
titionandfreedomofestablishment(theruleoffreeenterprise).Member
Statesarerequiredtoimplementtherulesintheirnationallegalsystemsand
toobserveEUregulationsinthatrespect.Specialimportanceandprotec-
tionassignedtotheruleoffaircompetitionstemsfromoneoftheUnion’s
maintasks–toensuresustainabledevelopmentandbalancedtrade.me
protectionoffaircompetitionisaimedatensuringeconomicdevelopment
throughconsolidatedintegrationofMemberStates’economiesandprovid-
ingthemwithconditionsofharmoniousgrowthbyreducingthediler-
encesexistingbetweenthevariousregionsandthebackwardnessoftheless-
favouredregionsunderthecommontradepolicy.HenceataskoftheEU
istotakespecialelortsaimedatintroducingmechanismsofcompetition
developmentintheinternalmarket,assumingthattheelortswillresultin
thegrowthofcompetitivestrengthofenterprises.
merulesoffaircompetitionareprotectedbyaprohibitiontodistort
thecompetition,relevantsanctionshavingbeenestablishedtoenforceit.
Forbiddenbythetreatylawareanyagreementsbetweenundertakings,de-
cisionsbyassociationsofundertakingsandconcertedpracticeswhichmay
alecttradebetweenMemberStatesandwhichhaveastheirobjectorelect
theprevention,restrictionordistortionofcompetitionwithintheinternal
market.Anyagreementsordecisionsprohibitedpursuanttothetreaties
areautomaticallyvoidandareliabletorelevantsanctions.mefreedomof
establishment(Arts.49–55TFEU)includestherighttotakeupandpursue
activitiesasself-employedpersonsandtosetupandmanageundertakings,
inparticularcompaniesorfirmsundertheconditionsdeterminedbythe
legislationofthehostingStateforthenationals.Prohibitedunderthetreaty
lawareanyrestrictionsonthefreedomofestablishmentbyMemberStates.
Asfarasthesecondarylawisconcerned(Art.288TFEU),ofparticular
importancefortheeconomyareregulationsenactedbyrelevantEUbod-
ies(whichbecomeimmediatelyenforceableaslawinallMemberStates
simultaneously),directives(settingoutgeneralrulestobetransferredinto
nationallawbyeachcountryastheydeemappropriate)anddecisionsof
theEuropeanCommission(bindingontheMemberStatetowhomthey
areaddressed).
