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10
MichałWojewoda
3.Particularregulationsfortranspersons
Asitwasalreadystatedabove,sexisanelementofthecivilstatus.When
ababyisborn,themedicalpersonnelassistingthedeliverywillbeobligedto
fillinabirthcard,whichisanomcialmedicalcertificatedescribingvarious
characteristicsofthechild,includingitssex.Thechild’ssexisdecidedaccording
toexternalbiologicalfeatures(thebiologicalsex).Thebirthcardissubmittedto
thelocalCivilRegistryOmceanditconstitutesthebasisforrecordingthechild’s
sexinthebirthact(thelegalsex).
Theproblemoftranspersonsconsistsinaclashbetweenthebiological/legal
sex(asoriginallyrecordedintheCivilStatusRegister)andtheactualsexual
identityoftheseindividuals,whichisbasedontheirdeepinternalfeelingsand
psychologicalexperience(thepsychologicalsex).
InPoland,thesituationoftranssexualsisnotregulatedbyanyspecificlegislation.
Thereexistsalegallacunahere.Still,asearlyasinthe1960softhe20thcenturyPolish
courtsbegantorecognizetherightoftranspersonstoapplyforachange(reassignment)
oftheirlegalsex.Interestinglyenough,uptonow,itisonlythecaselawthatdeals
withtheproblemoftranspersons.Despitethefactthatthiscaselawisnotdirectly
“anchored”inanyclearstatutoryregulations(orintheConstitution),thepossibility
ofreconcilingthelegalsex(asrecordedintheCivilStatusRegister)withthepersonal
sexidentityhasneverbeenseriouslyquestionedinPoland.Itisrathertheconditions
forsucha“sexchange”(sexreassignment)andthecorrespondingproceduresthatare
disputedbythelegaldoctrine,8courts,politiciansandbyvariousnon-governmental
organizationswhichpromoterightsoftranssexuals(seesection5infra).
Asamatteroffact,thePolishlegislatordidmakeoneseriousattemptto
regulatetheissueinquestion.OnSeptember15,2015theSexReconciliationAct
wasadoptedbythePolishParliament.However,thevetoofthePresidentresulted
intheActnevercomingintoforce.Moreinformationaboutthis“aborted”piece
oflegislationwillbegiveninsection8below.
4.Regulationofthename
UnderPolishlaw,thechangeofthefirstnameand/orthefamilynameofan
individualcantakeplaceinmanydiferentsituations.Themostobviousexamples
concernmarriage,divorceorfiliationproceedingswhenthechangeofname/
8ThereexistsabundantliteratureconcerningthesituationoftranssexualsinPoland,seethe
bibliographycitedbyJ.Ostojskainherdoctoratethesis,Sądowazminapłci[Thejudicialsexchange],
Warszawa2014,p.286etseq.,https://depotuw.ceon.pl/bitstream/handle/item/1014/S%C4%85dowa%20
zmiana%20p%C5%82ci_Joanna%20Ostojska.pdf?sequence=1(lastaccessedonAugust2,2017).