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8
MichałWojewoda
humanbeingandArt.47oftheConstitutionconcerningtheprotectionofprivateand
familylife.Theimpactoftheseconstitutionalprovisionsonthepromotionofthe
rightsoftranssexualsshallbepresentedinsomedetailinthecourseofthediscussion.
2.RegulationofthecivilstatusinPoland
ThelegaldefinitionofthecivilstatuscanbefoundintheLawonCivilStatus
ActsofNovember28,2014.2Article2section1ofthe2014Lawreadsasfollows:
Thecivilstatusisaperson’slegalsituation,expressedbytheindividualpersonalcharacteristics,
asshapedbynaturalevents,legalactionsorjudicialdecisions,ordecisionsoftheauthorities,
whichisdemonstratedincivilstatusacts.
Theanalysisofotherprovisionsofthe2014Law,whichnamethecomponents
ofthethreetypesofcivilstatusactsdrawnupunderPolishlaw(birth,marriage
anddeathacts)leadstotheconclusionthatthecivilstatusnotionembracesthe
followingelements:firstname(s),surname,familyname,dateandplaceofbirth,
sex,namesandsurnamesofparentsaswellastheindicationofmaritalstatus.
Accordingly,inthelightofcurrentlegislation,thedominantviewinthePolish
legaldoctrineisthatthecivilstatusisaprivatelawnotionreflectingboth
personalaswellasfamilyaspectsoftheindividual’slegalposition.3
Thecivilstatusassuch-beingacollectivetermincludingvariouselements
-isconsideredtobeoneofthesocalled4personalgoods’i.e.strictlypersonal
valuescommonlyrecognizedandrespectedinsociety,whichareprotectedby
thelaw.4Itdoesnotprecludethepossibilityoftreatingsomeofthecivilstatus
componentsasindependentpersonalgoodsdeservingseparateprotection.This
concerns,inparticular,namesandsurnamesbutalsothe(senseof)sexidentity.
ThecivilstatusofnaturalpersonsisrecordedintheCivilStatusRegister
which-asfromMarch1,2015,whenthenewLawonCivilStatusActscame
intoforce-isruninanelectronicversion.TheRegisterhasanationalreach.
IndividualentriesaremadebytheCivilRegistrarsinanyoftheCivilRegistry
Omcesscatteredthroughoutthecountry.Suchomcesarerunbylocalauthorities.
Therearemorethan2200CivilRegistryOmcesinPoland.
2Consolidatedtext:O.J.2016,item2064.
3SeeM.Wojewoda,“Kilkauwagodefinicji4stanucywilnego’wnowejustawiePrawo
oaktachstanucywilnego”[Someremarksonthedefinitionof4civilstatus’inthenewLawonCivil
StatusActs],Metryka2014,No.2,p.17etseq.
4TheexamplesofpersonalgoodsaregiveninArt.23ofthePolishCiv.C.Thelistisnot
exhaustiveandincludes:health,freedom,dignity,freedomofconscience,surnameorpseudonym,
image,confidentialityofcorrespondence,inviolabilityofhomeaswellasscientific,artisticand
inventiveactivities.