Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé

Biruta Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8142-146-1

DOI:

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Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

332

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ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

. Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé. Red. Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, Biruta . Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2018, 332 s. ISBN 978-83-8142-146-1

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A2 Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, B.

T1 Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

PP Łódź

YR 2018

SN 978-83-8142-146-1

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 196454, author = "", editor = "Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, Biruta", title = "Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego", year = "2018", address = "Łódź", isbn = "978-83-8142-146-1" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU -

ED - Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, Biruta

TI - Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

CY - Łódź

PY - 2018

SN - 978-83-8142-146-1

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

. Red. Lewaszkiewicz-Petrykowska, Biruta. Rapports Polonais. XXe Congrès International de Droit Comparé [baza danych online] Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2018 [dostęp: 23 07 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/rapports-polonais-xxe-congres-international-de-droit-compare-biruta-lewaszkiewicz-196454.

XXth International Congress of Comparative Law. Fukuoka, 22–28 VII 2018

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-8142-146-1

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

332

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Michał Wojewoda, Professor of Law, University of Łódź – Conditions of the recognition of the civil status of transsexual and transgender people in Poland7
Tomasz Sokołowski, Professor of Law, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Andrzej Mączyński, Professor of Law, Jagiellonian University, Kraków – Multicultural challenges in family law (Poland)27
Monika Namysłowska, Professor of Law, University of Łódź, Agnieszka Jabłonowska, PhD researcher – Information obligations and disinformation of consumers including negotiation (Poland)57
Janusz Jankowski, Professor of Law, University of Łódź, Sławomir Cieślak, Professor of Law, University of Łódź, Maciej Muliński, Doctor of Law, University of Łódź, Tomasz Strumiłło, Doctor of Law, University of Łódź – The anti-suit injunctions in arbitral and judicial procedures (Poland)93
Mariola Lemonnier, Professeur à l’Université de Warmia et Mazury, Olsztyn – Les groupes des sociétés (Pologne)107
Ewa Bagińska, Professor of Law, University of Gdańsk – Legal regulation of crowdfunding in Poland123
Beata Giesen, Professor of Law, University of Łódź – Security rights on intellectual property (Poland)137
Łukasz Pisarczyk, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw, Dagmara Skupień, Professor of Law, University of Łódź – The role of collective bargaining in the polish labour law151
Maria Dragun-Gertner, Professor of Law, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Zuzanna Pepłowska-Dąbrowska, Doctor of Law, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń – Legal aspects of cruises (Poland)173
Katarzyna Łasak, Doctor hab., University of Gdańsk – The fight against poverty and the right to development in Poland183
Janusz Trzciński, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw, Michał Szwast, Doctor of Law, University of Warsaw – Formal and informal amendments to the constitution (Poland)217
Zbigniew Kmieciak, Professor of Law, University of Łódź, Joanna Wegner-Kowalska, Doctor of Law, University of Łódź – The deference concept in the polish administrative courts adjudication245
Jarosław Utrat-Milecki, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw – Juvenile delinquency under recent developments in children’ rights. Child as perpetrator and victim of criminal offence (Poland)261
Maria Rogacka-Rzewnicka, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw, Piotr Girdwoyń, Professor of Law, University of Warsaw – Confidentiality of correspondence with counsel as requirement of a fair trial (Poland)279
Monika Wałachowska, Professor of Law, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń – Legal aspects of genetic testing regarding insurance and employment (Poland)301
Małgorzata Król, Professor of Law, University of Łódź – The legal services market and conveyancing (Poland)319

MichałWojewoda

thereisnoindicationofallpersonswhichshouldmandatorilytaketheroleof

defendants,thecasemaybedismissedforformalreasons.29

Ashortmentionaboutﬁscalrequirementsshouldalsobemadehere.Asit

hasbeensaidearlier,awritforrecognitionofthesexidentityisperceivedas

aninstrumentofprotectingthepersonalgoods.Thistypeofactionfallswithin

competenceofthedistrictcourt.Insuchcases,inordertostarttheproceedings,an

initialfeeofPLN600mustbepaid.30Additionally,inthecourseoftheprocessthe

plaintifwillnormallybechargedwiththecostsofmedicalopinions.Still,upona

properlyjustiﬁedrequest,thepersonwhoisnotinapositiontopaytheexpected

costsmaybegrantedexemption(fullorpartial)fromcourtfeesandexpenses.

5.5.2.Itismoredimculttoidentifythesubstantiveconditionsofasuccessful

courtactionconcerningthechangeofsex.Asitwillbeindicatedbelow,the

necessaryprerequisitesarenotclearlydetermined.Interestingly,theremightalso

appearsomelocalvariations(incertainappellatecircuits)withregardtoparticular

conditions.

Themostvitalanduniversallyrecognizedconditionseemstobethetotal,

permanentandirreversibleadherencetothegivensex(oppositetothelegal

sexoriginallyshowninthebirthact).Thismeansthattheprotectionofsexidentity

isdependentonproperﬁndingwhatthatidentityreallyis.Itisalsosigniﬁcant

thatinitialreferencesincaselawtothepersonal4senseofsexidentity’are

nowadaysreplacedbymentionsofsexidentityassuch.Thislinguisticreﬁnement

isperceivedasanindicationthatthecourt’sassessmentmustbeobjective31and

itshouldnotbelimitedtotheplaintifs’declarationsbasedontheirsubjective

experienceonly.Additionally,thecourtshouldbepersuadedthattheinterested

transpersonsarepreparedtorealizethenew(reassigned)sexualroleuntiltheend

oftheirdays.Inordertoexaminealltheseelements,medicalexpertsarecalled

upontogiveopinionsconcerningtheplaintif’ssexidentity.Theseopinionsare

usuallydecisiveforthejudgment.

Onecanalsodistinguishanother,supplementaryconditionforasuccessful

change-of-sexcase.Theanalysisofcaselawdemonstratesthatitisgenerally

expectedthattheplaintif’soutlookshouldbetypicalofpersonsbelongingto

thesexwhich-allegedly-istherealsexoftheindividualinquestion.This

doesnotmeanthatafullsurgicaladaptationisnecessary(somelegalandethical

problemsconcerningsuchsurgerieswillbeexplainedinsection7below).What

isusuallyneededisatleasthormonaltreatmentthatwouldhelpacquirethelook

29Seee.g.thejudgmentoftheDistrictCourtinSieradzofFebruary2,2017,IC50/16.

30Thisisaﬁxedfeeapplicableincasesfortheprotectionofpersonalgoods.Thefeeseems

moderate.Forcomparison-in2017theminimummonthlysalaryinPoland(forafulltimejob)has

beenPLN2000gross(aboutPLN1500net).

31SeeJ.Ostojska,op.cit.,pp.130,172-173.

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