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Conditionsoftherecognitionofthecivilstatusoftranssexualandtransgenderpeople...
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10.Stakesinsex
ThePolishConstitutionof1997,initsArt.33,solemnlydeclarestheprinciple
ofsexequality.Thewordingofthatprovisionisveryexplicit:
1.Menandwomenshallhaveequalrightsinfamily,political,socialandeconomiclifeinthe
RepublicofPoland.
2.Menandwomenshallhaveequalrightsregarding,inparticular,education,employmentand
careerpromotion,andshallhavetherighttoequalcompensationforworkofsimilarvalue,to
socialsecurity,toholdomces,andtoreceivepublichonoursanddecorations.
Theaboveruleisfurthersupportedbyanon-discriminationprinciplethatcan
befoundinArt.32section2oftheConstitution,whichreadsasfollows:
Nooneshallbediscriminatedagainstinpolitical,socialoreconomiclifeforanyreason
whatsoever.
Still,asamatteroffact,theaboveconstitutionalrulesdonotpreclude
certaindiferencesinlegalregulationsconcerningpersonsofdiferentsex.To
takeoneexample,women,especiallywhenpregnant,receivespecialprotection
andtreatmentunderPolishlabourlaw.Similarly,thestatutoryretirementageis
diferentformenandwomeninPoland.
11.Intersexpersons
Thesituationofintersexpersons,whosesexisambiguousanddimcultto
ascertainatthetimeofbirth,astheypossessbothmaleandfemalesexualfeatures,
isnotregulatedinPolandeither.Still,itappearsthatinthissortofcasesthereis
lesscontroversyconcerningtheavailablelegalproceduresandthelongestablished
medicalandjudicialpracticeisnotseriouslydisputed.
Itisacceptedthatthesexofanewbornchildmustbealwaysindicatedinthe
birthcard,whichisoneofthemedicalcertificatesmadeoutupondelivery.The
birthcarddataisthencopiedintothecivilstatusact(thebirthact).46Thetaskof
ascertainingthechild’ssexlieswiththemedicalpersonnelthatassiststhedelivery.
Indoubtfulcasesthepredominant(external)sexualfeaturesshoulddecide.47Itis
conceivable,though,thatthepsychologicalsexofthepersoninquestion,asbuilt
46SeeArt.53and54ofthe2014LawonCivilStatusActs.
47SeeA.Gawlik,A.Bielska-Brodziak,G.Krawiec,“Dziecibezpłci.Jakpolski
prawodawcarozwiązujeproblemyosóbinterseksualnych”[Childrenwithoutsex.HowthePolish
legislatorhasaddressedproblemsofintersexualpersons],cz.2:“Zasadyprzypisywaniapłci
prawnej”[Vol.2:Principlesofestablishingthelegalsex],PrawoiMedycyna2016,No.3.