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TomaszSokołowski,AndrzejMączyński
Familylawconstitutesaseparatebranchofcivillawregulatinglegal
relationsresultingfrommatrimonyandparenthood.Thisrelationsareassembled
inaseparatelegalact:FamilyandGuardianshipCode(F.G.C.)from1964.4
TheF.G.C.hasnospecialpartofgeneralprovisions.Inconsequence,Polish
familylawuses,toasignificantextent,thecivillawmethodofregulations,although
withsignificantexceptions.Severalgeneralclausesarecharacteristicoffamilylaw.
Inparticularthemostimportantclauseon4achild’swell-being’(welfareof
thechild,thebestinterestofthechild)createsasystemofstatecontrol,which
demonstratesmuchmoreofafeatureofanadministrativemethodofregulation
thanofaprivatelawmethod.
Thissamefeaturecharacterisestheareaofachild’sorigin,parentalauthority,
child’sadoptionandalimonyduties.Ontheotherhand,inalltheseareasof
regulationthereexistcertaincontractualpossibilities,which-uponcourtcontrol
-canbearrangedbyspousesorparentsofthechild.
Theautonomyofthefamilylawmethodoflegalregulationsisalsobased
onthefactthatfamilyrelationsarenotalwaysequal-incomparisontocivillaw
relations-aschildrenaresubordinatedtotheirparents.
Theprovisionsofthefirstbook(Generalpart)oftheCivilCode(Civ.C.)from
19645arealsooffundamentalimportanceforPolishfamilylaw.Someinstitutions
ofgeneralcivillawaredirectlyapplicableinfamilylawmatters.Someothergeneral
civillawinstitutions,however,arenot,duetocertaindiferencesinapproach,such
asadiferentconceptionofthecontentsandmeaningofanactinlawsuchasthe
conclusionofmarriage,orthedeclarationoffatheringofachildoradiferent
interpretationofthegeneralconceptionofadefectinadeclarationofwillor
intentiontomarry.
2.Thehistoricallygrownacknowledgementofothernormativesystems?
ItnecessarytobestrictlyunderlinedthatPolishlegaltraditionwaspurely
“multicultural”and,canbesaid:“multi-legal.”
PolandhasdiferenttraditionthatmanyotherEuropeancountries,becauseof
ourlongexperienceoffullscaletoleranceandcoexistenceofvariousreligion,
culturalandphilosophicalgroupsofoursociety.Wehavemorethan700years
ofexperienceofthepresenceofhugeJewishminority,6morethan500yearsof
4Actof5ofMarch1964,J.ofL.2012,item768.
5Actof23ofApril1964,J.ofL.1963,No.16,item93,largelyamendmentedafter1990.
6FirstregulationwastheActofCalisia(StatutKaliski),secondthePrivilegesofKingCasmir
theGreatfrom1356andotheracts,whichwerecarefullyobserveduntiltheendofindependence
theFirstPolishRepublic.ItisareasonthelargestonworldgroupofJewishlivedinPolandsince
Partitionofitsterritoryat1795,andsurviveduntilGermanHolocaustofIIWorldWar.