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TomaszSokołowski,AndrzejMączyński
thecentralpartin1815wascreatedthe“KrólestwoPolskie”(Kingdomof
Poland-capitolWarsaw-withRussian“car”asPolishKing)andtherewasleft
-withsameamendments-thePolish,muchmoreliberalversionofNapoleon
Code(itwascalled“CivilCodeofKingdomofPoland”).Thesecond,north-
eastpartoutsideofriverofBug(currentLithuania,Byelorussiaandwestpart
ofUkraine)wassimplyincorporatedtoRussiaandtherewereintroducedthe
systemofRussianlaw.
Allthelegalsystemsadmitteddivorce.
AfterIWorldWartheSecond“Respublica”ofPoland(IIRP)eventually
reachedin1918theindependencehavingahalfofformerterritory.
Althoughthelawofobligations,commerciallawandprocedurelawwere
successfullyunified,10thefamilylawregulationwasanextremelycomplicated
mixtureof4aboveindicatedlegalsystemsinformeroccupantszonesandseveral
religiousregulationsofeachofseveralconfessionswhichcoexistedinPoland.
Withthisreasontheunificationoffamilylawwereenormouslycomplicatedand
theprojectofUnifiedFamilyLawfrom1929wasrejectedbyParliament.As
aresultontheareaoffamilylawallofthese4legalsystemssurvivedandwerein
forceinthisfourPolishterritoriessince1946afterWorldWarII.
WithinthelongperiodofsocialiststateofPolishPeopleRepublic(PRL,
1945-1990)theladingminorityofsocialists,supportedbyRussiaweretryingto
establishveryoppressivefamilylawforallreligiousgroupsofsociety.Practically
familylawcompletelyignoredthereligiousconvictionsofcitizens,founding
unreasonableassumptionthatPolishsocietywasanatheisticgroupofpeople.For
examplethereligiousformofmarriagewasallowedonlyaftercelebrationofthe
laymarriages(secularform),uponsanctionof3yearsofpunishmentofprisonfor
thepriestwhowouldhavecelebratedit.
HoweverontheotherhandtheConstitutionofPRLformallyguaranteedthe
rightsofparentsofbringuptheirchildreninaccordancewiththeirownreligious
convictions.
After1990theindependentPolishstatedidsomesuitableamendmentsof
F.G.C.forprotectionthefreedomofconscience,butsomesmallinappropriate
remindersstillsurvived.
3.Protectionofthebestinterestofthechild
ThePolishfamilylawhasalongtraditionofprotectionofthebestinterest
ofthechild,whichstartedwiththeActonadoptionon19thofJuly1939.Now
thejurisprudence’sdefinitionrecognizesthewelfareofthechildasan“optimal
10Ontheareaoflawonlythelawofobligationsandcommerciallawweresuccessfullyunified
in1933/1934.AswelltheunifiedcivilprocedurewasintroducedbyC.C.P.from1930.