Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
32
TomaszSokołowski,AndrzejMączyński
7.Thepoliticalstructureofthestate
PolandfromamongEuropeanstateshasthelongesttraditionofconstitutional
republic.AlthoughthefirstmodernConstitution-wastheUSConstitutionfrom
1787,thisafter4yearsPolish“Respublica”promulgatedthefirstEuropean
constitution:thePolishConstitutionfrom3May1791,sixmonthbeforethe
FrenchConstitutionfrom3September1791.
PolishcurrentdemocracyisfoundedonthebaseofConstitutionfrom1997
andbecauseofthedivisionofpowers,Polishlegalsystemdonothaveasystem
ofprecedence.Aswasindicatedbelow,thejudgementsoftheSCorECtHRhave
notavalueoflegalsource,butmanyofthosejudgementsarewidelydiscussed
bythedoctrine.
B.Managementofdiversity
Generalremarks
ThePolishConstitution(situatedaboveF.G.C.)isthebasicsourceoffamily
lawbecauseitcontainsbasicprinciplesconcerningmarriageandfamily.
InthematteroffactF.G.C.hasstillsomefeaturesofitsancienttotalitarian
socialistcharacter.ThestrongpositionofStatemanifestsitselffirstofallinlarge
competenceofprosecutorwhohastherightofclaimsinnearallfamilycases
excludingdivorce,separationandpropertyrelation.Thefamilylawsystemand
jurisdictionveryoftenstillrecognizedsocietyasanatheisticgroupofpeople
ignoringitstraditionalreligiousorphilosophicalvariety.Neverthelessstepbystep
theremaindersoftheancientsocialistregimeareannihilatedonfavorofPolish
traditionoftoleranceandcoexistenceofvariousreligion,culturalandphilosophical
groupsofsociety.However,whatisimportantnowdaysappearssomenew
totalitarianandintolerantideas,as“politicalcorrectness”or“genderunity”which
manifestanarrowandexcessivelysimplifiedvisionofunifiedsociety.
I.Two-personrelationships
1.Marriage
1.1.Conceptoffamily
Constitutionalprotectionincludesnotonlymarriagebutalsoafamilybuilt-
upbyunmarriedparentslivingtogetherwiththeirchild,orsingle-parentfamilies.
Thefamilylifeisa“socialsituation(phenomenon)betweenspousesor
relativescausedexclusivelybyconjugal(coition)interactionsbetweenspouses,