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determinesitsefficiencyaswellasthewidertransportqualityofservice.
IntegratedManagementSystemsiscooperatingandcomplementarysubsystemsoftherailway
undertakingintermsofprovidingcompulsory:transportsafetyandmaintenance,andoptionalrange:
qualityofservices,environmentalmanagementandthemanagementofoccupationalhealthand
safety.
Theseareaswerepreviouslyconsideredseparately,butasfarastheimplementationofindividual
systemsbegantonoticetheirmutualpenetrationinthetransportcompanies.Therefore,itisgaining
moreandmoresupportersconceptofintegratingmanagementsystems.Theintegrationofdifferent
systemsenablesefficientandsimultaneousmanagementofmultipleaspectsofthebusiness,through
theestablishmentandimplementationofauniformpolicyandcontinuous,broadlyunderstood,
improvement.
Thebasisoftheprocessofimprovingquality,safetyandenvironmentaloperatedrailvehicles
isimplementationofnewtestingtechniquesandmeasurements.Assumingsafetyasapriority,
itshouldbeemphasizedespeciallyimportanttohaveadequateandreliabledatainthisregard,onthe
exploitedrailwayvehicles.Takingintoaccountthespecialroleofthisinformationintheprocess
ofsafetymanagementitisnecessarytodevelopthisfieldofscienceandincreasingtheefficiency
ofrelatedprocesses[121].Asaresult,occurredinrecentyearstheaccidentofrail,suchasthe
derailmentofapassengertraininGermany(Figure1)whetherthemarkinItaly(Figure2),the
internationalcommunityhadtheopportunitytorealizeandrememberwhattheconsequences
ofmistakesintheorganizationofmaintenanceprocessesorlackofsoundsupervisionoftechnical
measuresrelatedtorailwaytransport[8].Thedataassociatedwiththeseaccidentsareshownbelow:
June31998,near,Eschede
Crackrim,derailingatrainstrikeinsupportoftheviaduct;
101peoplekilled;
88peopleinjured.
Figure1Theeffectsofderailmentofthetrain,Eschede[www.spiegel.de]
Theseaccidentshaveshownthattheeffectscanarisewhenacoincidenceordamage
asafundamentalelementofthewheelsetinthevehicle.Bothoftheseaccidentsbesidesthevery
highlosses,bothfinancialandhumanlosses,combinedwiththefactthedifficultiesassociatedwith
identifyingresponsibleforthemaintenanceofrailwayvehiclecomponents,whosefailureledtothe
accidentsconcernedrailway.Particularly,inthecaseofViareggioitwasthecatalystforthe
developmentofchangesinthelegalorderoftheEUandtheneedtostandardizeandmonitor
operatingparametersofrailvehicles.