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1.Housingstudies–development,scopeofresearch,theoreticaltrends
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people,shousingneedswasconnectedwithsocialfunctionsofthestateand
humanrights,aswellaswithMarshall,sconceptofcitizenship.Theirearliest
conceptualisationsmaybefundina19th-centuryworkbyHenryGeorge
entitled“ProgressandPoverty”(George,after:Lund2011,p.14).Heindicated
aneedtointroducearealestatetaxduetothefactthatthepriceofthereal
estate(especiallyland)iscreatedsocially,andthusissubjecttospeculation.
Thediscussedtrendofreflectiononhousingisclosetothesocialdemocratic
doctrine.Postulatesforthedevelopmentofmunicipalhousing(constructed
andadministereddirectlybylocalauthoritiesornon-profitinstitutions)prevail
inthiscontext,whichissaidtobeconducivetopricestabilisationonrealestate
marketsandtolimitabusesonthesideofprivatedevelopers.Thesethesesare
alsoreferredtobyafewPolishhousingresearchers,suchasPiotrLis(2008)and
AnnaSzelągowska(2011).ThescientificachievementsofMaciejCesarskimay
alsobeincludedinthistrend.
Sincethe1980s,aneo-Marxistresearchtrendgainedimportanceinhousing
studies,i.e.atrendwhichassumesthatthelevelofsatisfactionofpeople,s
housingneedsdependsonthehousingpolicyinstrumentswhichareshaped
throughthesocialdivisionofpolitical,economicandecologicalpowers.What
isanalysedinthisdepictionisaproblemofdisplacingthe(housingsubclass,
tosuburbancontainers(Urbański2010).Researchersverifythethesesof
theregulatoryschool,politicaleconomicsandvariouspost-Marxisttrends
(includingHenriLefebvre,ManuelCastells,DavidHarvey,MichaelBall,
MarkKleinman)whichdepictthestateasthemainandnon-neutralhousing
policyactor(e.g.representingtheinterestsofclassesordominantgroups).For
example,thesubjectmatteroftheresearchhereconcernstherelationsbetween
housingandsex(Smith1990)orhousingandhealthcondition(Dunn,Hayes
2000).
WithinthetrendofUniversalistApproaches,therearealsostudies
concerningtheinfluenceofthebehaviourofsocialactorsassociatedwith
housingonconductinghousingpolicyandsatisfyinghousingneeds.Theseissues
wereelaboratedon,forexample,byOctaviaHill(after:Lund2011,p.16).The
studieswithinthistrendmaybeascribedtothebehaviouralperspective.
ThesecondtrendinhousingstudiesisreferredtoastheTheoriesoftheMiddle
Range.Animportantroleinthistrendisplayedbythetypologiesofhousing
policies.Asopposedtothepreviousresearchtrend,somehousingresearchers
emphasisetheexistingdifferencesamonghighlydevelopedcountrieswith
referencetostrategiesforsatisfyingpeople,shousingneeds,associatedwith
promotingvarioushousingpolicyinstrumentsanddifferentlevelsofsatisfying
theseneeds.Thisresearchalsotakesintoconsiderationthesphereofhousing
