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PartI.ACONSTRUCTIVISTAPPROACHINHOUSINGSTUDIES
productionandthesocialstructureofthetitletopossessadwelling.Itseems
thatthistrendencompassesboththeresearchwhichemphasisesdependency
onthecurrenthousingpolicypathaswellastheresearchwhichshowsachange
inthehousingpolicyparadigm.Asregardstheformerresearch,itfocuseson
WesternEuropeangroupsofcountries,whicharecharacterisedbysimilarsets
ofhousingpolicyinstrumentsandreachasimilarleveloffulfilmentofhousing
needs.Asfarasthelatterresearchisconcerned,itreferstopost-socialistic
countries,whichhavebeenreformingtheirhousingpolicies.Inthiscase,the
changesintherangeofhousingpolicyinstrumentsandtheleveloffulfilment
ofhousingneedsarediverse.Subjectliteraturedoesnotprovideanexplicit
answerwhetherthesecountriesmaybeconsideredasauniformgroup.
Inthecontextofthedependencyonthecurrenthousingpolicypath,there
aretheworksofsuchresearchersasJimKemeny(1981),JamesBarlowand
SimonDuncan(1994),BrianHarvey(1994),LaurentGhékière(1992),Mark
Kleinman(1996),WalterMatznetter(2002)orAdamAndrzejewski(1978).
Intheirstudies,theyappliedthefollowingresearchtools:typologiesofsocial
policies,structureofhousingprovision(SHP)andLundqvist,sinstitutional
approachof1990.
Havinganalysedhousinginfivehighlydevelopedcountriesintermsofthe
strategiesforpossessingtitlestodwellingspromotedbypublicauthorities,
JimKemeny(Kemeny1981)specifiedtwohousingsystemmodels:aunitary
housingsystemandadualisthousingsystem.Henotedthattheauthorities
ofcontinentalEuropeancountries(suchasSweden,Switzerlandandthe
Netherlands)promotedsuchhousingpolicyinstrumentswhichfavouredthe
developmentofthepublic,socialrentedhousingsector,whichdidnotaimat
makingaprofit(e.g.subsidiesandpreferentialloans).Withtime,thissector
becomescompetitivewiththesectorofprivatetenementdwellings,which
leadstoahighshareofrenteddwellingsinthehousingstock.Suchasituation
isconducivetothedispersionofhouseholdswithdiverseincomebothinthe
publicsectorandprivatesectorhousingstocks.J.Kemenyconnectedthechoice
ofthestrategyofrentingpolicywithcollectivism,predominantincontinental
Europeansocieties.Hereferredtohismodelasunitarian.
InAnglo-Saxoncountries(suchastheUSA,Canada,Australia,New
Zealand),housingpolicyaimsatsupportingthefulfilmentofpeople,shousing
needsbypurchasingadwelling(aflatorahouse).Thismodelischaracterised
bytheexistenceoftwoexplicitsegmentsonthehousingmarket–apredominant
one,i.e.theprivatesectorforhouseholdswitheffectivehousingdemand,and
amarginalone,frequentlydegradedandcharacterisedbyanunfavourabledegree
