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A.Jaworska,D.Apanel(red.),SocialRehabilitation,CareandEducationinPostmodernWorld,Kraków2009
ISBN:978-83-7850-380-4,©byOficynaWydawnicza„Impuls”2009
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Part1.Theoreticalbackground
temporaryresidenceinarehabilitationcentre(e.g.foralcoholaddicts),
acommitmenttoworkasetnumberofhoursassociallabour.
Alltheelementsofintermediatepenalties,however,needtobecarefullyex-
ecuted.herulingofanintermediatepenaltyservesapositivepurposenotonly
fortheoffenderbutalsoforthevictimofthecrimeandthesocietyasawhole.
Asaresultthismethodiseconomicallysuperiortoimprisonment.
heapprovalofthisexpandedsystemofpunishmentsmayproverathercom-
plicatedatthelevelofcourtsentencing.However,theexpectationsconnected
withitareconcernedwithapunishmentcommensuratetothesocialmenace
createdbytheoffenderaswellashisorherpersonalcharacteristics.Reasonable
penalrepressionshouldcontributetotheabatementofthenegativephenomenon
ofcommittingthecrimeagainandgreaterflexibilitywithregardtocourtrulings.
Intermediatepenaltiesshouldbeintegratedwiththeexistingcomprehensive
systemofpenalmeasures.Penalpolicycanbeexecutedeffectivelyonlyifthe
totalofpenaltiesissupplementedwithpenaltiesadjustedtovariedtypesofof-
fencesanddifferentcategoriesofoffenders,onconditionthatthesesanctionscan
beeasilyexecuted.
Atpresentboththeoristsandpractitionersinthefieldstresstheproblemof
significantoverpopulationinprisonsanddetentionhouses,aswellastheinef-
fectivenessoftheconditionalreleasefromservingthefullsentenceandthesus-
pendedsentenceasstandardprobationmeasures.Asaresultweshouldnolonger
givepreferencetoimprisonmentasaprincipalpenalty.Atthesametimethe
decisionsoflenientprobationmeasuresaretakentoofrequently.husweshould
focusonaformofpunishmentcombiningharshrepressionswithsupervisionat
large;theseconditionsareundoubtedlyfulfilledbyintermediatepenalties.
Untilnowtheinstitutionalizationofthesystemofpenaltiessituatedinbe-
tweenimprisonmentandstandardprobationhasnotbeenaccomplished.Im-
prisonment,beingaprincipalpenalty,hasrecentlybeenappliedonlysparingly.
Inaddition,itfailstoprovideasufficientnumberofpossiblesolutions.hese-
lection,plausibleinthefuture,betweenthoserightfullysentencedtoimprison-
mentandthoseforwhomanintermediatepenaltyhasbeenadjudicated,cannot
beentirelybasedonthegravityofthecommittedcrimeorthefrequencyof
theoccurrenceofthespecificcriminalactinaparticulararea.Similarcriteria
shouldalsonotbetakenintoaccountwithregardtothechoicebetweenproba-
tionmeasuresandintermediatepenalties.
Intermediatepenalties
heintroductionofintermediatepenaltiestothesystemof
principalpenaltiesinvolvesthenecessitytoconfrontacertaintypeofbeliefthat
criminalactsofequalgravity,aswellaspersonsofsimilarcriminalrecord,should