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A.Jaworska,D.Apanel(red.),SocialRehabilitation,CareandEducationinPostmodernWorld,Kraków2009
ISBN:978-83-7850-380-4,©byOficynaWydawnicza„Impuls”2009
A.Bałandynowicz.Probationsystempenaltiesofmediumforce...
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duringprobation.Inpracticetheprocedureisratherautomaticthereleaseis
grantedafterhavingservedacertainpartofthesentence.
herearenumerousprisonersinpenitentiaryunitswhoareunlikelytoviolate
thelawinthefuture.heironlychanceisconditionalreleasefromservingthefull
sentence.heyneednotstayinisolationfromsocietysincetheyposenothreatto
it.Onthecontrary,theymightproveusefultoit.Manyoffendersbelongingin
thisgroupcouldhavebeensparedimprisonmentifaproperlyadvancedsystem
ofpenaltymeasuresexisted.
Ontheotherhandmanyconvictswhohavehadtheirsentencescondition-
allysuspendedorhavebeengrantedconditionalreleasefromservingthefull
sentenceshould,whileonprobation,besubjectedtosupervisionstricterthanat
present.Forsomeofthem,insteadofsuspendingtheexecutionofthepunish-
mentofisolation,anobligatoryincreaseofthefinewouldprovemorefitting.
Otherscouldforinstancebeassignedtodifferenttasksconnectedwithenviron-
mentprotection.heprobationmeasuresprovidedforinthepresentpenalcode
failtogivetheoffenderasufficientopportunityofreturningtonormallifedueto
theirmildness.heviolationoftheconditionsofprobationisfrequentsinceits
executionisnotproperlysupervised.
Tosumitup,thePolishpenalcodehasnotbeensufficientlypolarized.he
kindofsentencepassedoftentimesdoesnotcorrespondwiththegravityofcom-
mittedcrimeaswellasthethreattheoffenderposestothesociety.Betweenthe
punishmentofimprisonmentandprobationmeasuresthereexistsagap,which
cannotbebridgedonlythroughthepenaltyofrestrictedliberty.Acomprehensive
systemofpenalrepressionshouldbesupplementedwithacollectionofinterme-
diatepenalties.hiswouldhelpeliminatethepunishmentofimprisonmentand
probationmeasureswithregardtocertaincategoriesofoffenders.
Intheperiodofthetransformationofthepoliticalsystemweareparticularly
subjecttotheepidemicofcrimesbyso-called(white-collars’aswellasorganized
crime.Inordertopreventtheseunwelcomesocialphenomenafromhappening,
weintroducestricterlawsconcerningpenalliability,mostlybyincreasingthe
threatofimprisonmentwithregardtospecifictypesofoffences.However,we
failtomakeproperuseofthepossibilitiesofferedbyfinancialpenaltyforexam-
ple.Somecountries,includingScandinaviancountries,treatfineasaprincipal
penaltyinthesystemofpenalmeasures.heamounttobepaidisestablishedon
thebasisoftheconvict’sfinancialstatusandhisorherearnings.Itisarepres-
sionthatsuccessfullypreventspotentialcriminalsfromviolatingthelaw.his
isduetothefactthatthispenaltypainfullydiminishestheeconomicposition
oftheoffender.InPolanditisusuallyonlyasupplementtothepunishmentof
imprisonment.
AtpresentinPolandfineiscalculatedonthebasisofthenumberofdailyrates
andthesumofmoneyattributedtoeachrate.heminimumrateequals10zlotys
whilethemaximumhasbeensetat2000zlotys;theminimumnumberofratesis