Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939)

Michał Mazurkiewicz

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7133-719-2

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Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

246

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A1 Mazurkiewicz, M.

T1 Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939)

PB Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego

YR 2018

SN 978-83-7133-719-2

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 199985, author = "Mazurkiewicz, Michał", editor = "", title = "Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939)", publisher = "Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego", year = "2018", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7133-719-2" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU - Mazurkiewicz, Michał

ED -

TI - Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939)

PB - Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego

CY -

PY - 2018

SN - 978-83-7133-719-2

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

Mazurkiewicz, Michał. Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939) [baza danych online] : Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego, 2018 [dostęp: 08 09 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/sport-and-religion-muscular-christianity-and-the-young-mens-christian-michal-mazurkiewicz-199985.

Związki sportu z religią towarzyszą ludzkości od czasów starożytnych. Niniejsza książka zawiera analizę ideologii i teologii, jak również opisu historycznego i społecznego rozwoju ruchu o nazwie „Muskularne Chrześcijaństwo”, który naro...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7133-719-2

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego

Rok wydania:

2018

Liczba stron:

246

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Table of ContentsIntroduction – Sport and Religion9
1. Victorian England – the Birth of Modern Sport19
1.1. General characteristics of the Victorian era19
1.2. Leisure23
1.3. Victorian sport26
1.3.1. Cricket30
1.3.2. Football32
1.3.3. Rugby33
1.3.4. Boxing34
1.3.5. Golf36
1.3.6. Emergence of a sports hero – W. G. Grace38
1.4. Religion41
2. Muscular Christianity in Great Britain47
2.1. Muscular Christianity before the nineteenth century47
2.2. British nineteenth-century Muscular Christianity49
2.2.1. Charles Kingsley51
2.2.2. Thomas Hughes57
2.2.3. Edward Thring64
2.2.4. The question of sexuality66
3. Muscular Christianity in the United States (part one)71
3.1. Reception – beginnings and development71
3.2. Catholics (“Muscular Catholicism”)80
3.3. Manly literature82
3.4. The Third Great Awakening88
3.5. Dwight L. Moody92
3.6. The Studds family – English-American linkageof Muscular Christianity95
4. The Young Men’s Christian Association99
4.1. Birth and development99
4.2. The Student Volunteer Movement106
4.3. The Men and Religion Forward Movement108
4.4. YMCA’s contribution to education and sport111
4.4.1. Springfield College112
4.4.2. Amos Alonzo Stagg116
4.4.3. James Naismith117
4.4.4. William G. Morgan120
4.4.5. Other examples121
5. Muscular Christianity in Early Twentieth-Century America– Secularizing Changes123
5.1. Social Gospel124
5.2. Progressives127
5.3. Changes in the status of women129
5.4. Theodore Roosevelt – a “muscular” president131
5.5. Billy Sunday138
6. Muscular Christians during World War I145
6.1. High expectations145
6.2. YMCA activities152
7. Muscular Christianity after the Great War161
7.1. Post-war disillusionment and revival161
7.2. Enfeeblement of Muscular Christianity166
7.3. Eric Liddell171
7.4. Scout movement173
8. The Young Men’s Christian Association in Poland177
8.1. Diffusion of American and British culture– a question of sport177
8.2. Sport in the Second Polish Republic184
8.3. The Role of Józef Piłsudski191
8.4. Birth and development of Polish YMCA (Pol. Związek MłodzieżyChrześcijańskiej “Polska YMCA”)194
8.5. Polish YMCA and the Catholic Church205
Conclusions and Final Remarks209
Bibliography227
Filmography251

Introduction-SportandReligion

combiningphysicalandChristianspiritualdevelopment.Teauthor

presentsawidevarietyofitsactivities,suchasprovidingathleticfacili-

tiesorhumanitarianwork.Teanalysiscomprisesthreecountries:Te

UnitedKingdom,TeUnitedStates,andPoland,which,hopefully,lets

demonstratetheexpansionofthemovementandshowsitinabroader

perspective.

Althoughrecently-asithasbeenmentioned-theﬁneinterplayof

religionwithsocial,political,andeconomicforceshasbeenapopular

topicofstudyamongsociologistsandreligionscholars,therelationship

betweenreligionandsporthasreceivedfarlessattention(althoughthe

situationisgraduallychangingforthebetter).Tismaybeattributedin

largeparttothegeneralneglectofsportasatopicofscholarlyinquiry

bythoseinthetraditionaldisciplines5.

Yet,alreadyinthe1970sthereexistedtheﬁeldofstudyknownas

religionandsports.AgroupofscholarssuchasMichaelNovak,Shirl

Hofman,CharlesPrebish,AndrewCooperorJosephPriceanalyzed

thewayssportsresembledreligion.Someofthem,likePrebish,wentso

farastodeﬁnesportsasanewformofreligion.Itemploys,inPrebish’s

opinion,thesametermsaseachreligion,namely:aformalseriesof

publicandprivaterituals,engagement,devotion,discipline,adoration,

anexperienceoftheultimate(eternity),communion.Wemayusehere

thetermcommunia,communitas,introducedbyanthropologistVictor

Turner,which,inthecaseofsport,iscollectiveeuphoria:faith,temple,

chants,coronation,sacralization.Bothsportandtraditionalreligions

havetheirlegendsandmythswhichprovidethemwithabroaderper-

spective-notreallyhistorical,butalittlemisty,inwhichthehistorical

truthmixeswiththealleged,notfullyconﬁrmed,piecesofinformation.

Asforlegendaryheroes,theseareexamplestobefollowed,heroesof

culture,realarchetypalmodelsforthenextgenerationsofbelievers6.

S.J.Hofman,Preface[in:]:SJ.Hofman(ed.),SportandReligion,HumanKinetics,

Champaign,Illinois1992,p.vii.Tegradualdevelopmentofsocialorhumanisticre-

ﬂectiononsporthasbeendescribedbyJerzyKosiewicz.See:J.Kosiewicz,SocialSciences

ofSport:NaturalandHumanisticDeterminants[in:]J.Kosiewicz,K.Obodyński(eds.),

SocialSciencesofSport-AssumptionsandPerspectives,UniversityofRzeszów,Rzeszów-

Warszawa2013,p.3.

Ch.S.Prebish,uHeavenlyFather,DivineGoalie”:SportandReligion[in:]:S.J.Hofman

(ed.),SportandReligion,HumanKinetics,Champaign,Illinois1992,pp.43-53.

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Sport and Religion. Muscular Christianity and the Young Men’s Christian Association. Ideology, Activity and Expansion (Great Britain, the United States and Poland, 1857-1939)

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