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PAWEŁMERŁO,MARCINBOGDAŃSKI
Thus,theperformedanalysisallowsforindirectlyaddressingtheissuewheth-
ertheobserveddisparitiesintheeconomicgrowthrateoftheEuropeanregions
partiallydependonthediferencesinthelevelofhumancapital.Efcientimple-
mentationoftheCohesionPolicy,theaimofwhich,interalia,istodecreasethe
existingdevelopmentdisparitieswithintheCommunity,requirescarefulanalysis
anddescriptionoftheirdeterminants.Therefore,theresultsoftheanalysismay
beusedtodefinethecurrenttoolsoftheCohesionPolicyunderthe2014-2020
financialperspectiveandmaycontributetothediscussiononthedirectionsand
toolsoftheCohesionPolicyafterthatperiod.
Humancapitalasadeterminantofregionalcompetitiveness
Regionalcompetitivenessisaprocesswhichdirectlyresultsfromstrivingto
improvetheeconomiccompetitiveness.Assumingthatthecompetitivenessofthe
economyisa“capacitytoproduceandofergoodsandserviceswithsuchtech-
nicalandutilityfeatures,prices,qualityandsalesconditionsthatwouldattract
purchasersonbothdomesticandinternationalmarkets”(Markowski,1999),the
definitionofregionalcompetitivenessproposedbyStawasz(2004)seemsvalu-
able.Theauthorclaimsthatregionalcompetitivenessisan“advantageoverother
regions,whichistheresultantoftheattractivenessoftheserviceoferaddressed
tocurrentandpotentialusersintheregion,suchasinhabitants,companies,in-
vestors,guests.”Suchcompetitivenessistheresultofcertainadvantages,i.e.the
mostimportantstrengthsoftheregion,thesourceofwhichmaybetracedback
to,amongotherthings,theeducationalsystem,economicstructure,aswellas
thephysical,institutionalandintellectualinfrastructureoftheregion(Stawasz,
2004).Thebasisofregionalcompetitivenessisahighefciencyoftheregional
economy,which“providesthesocietywithahighandconstantlyimprovingstan-
dardofliving,aswellasahighemploymentrate[...]whatismore,thelevel
ofeconomicactivityshouldnotdisturbthebalanceintheeconomyorinany
wayencumbertheeconomicwell-beingofthefuturegenerations”(European
Competitiveness…,2000).
Economiccompetitiveness,includingregionalcompetitiveness,asacomplex
andmultidimensionalterm,isdeterminedbymultiplefactors.Someofthemare
tangibleandmeasurable,thankstowhichtheirimpactonthelevelofregional
economiccompetitivenessandhencetheeconomicgrowthratemaybeassessed
relativelyeasily.However,manyofregionalcompetitivenessdeterminantsare
qualitativefactorsthatshapeitslevelindirectly.Incurrentregionalcompetitive-
nessmodels,itisoftenstressedthatallthesefactorsmakeupahierarchicalsys-
temwherethemeaningofparticularcompetitivenessdeterminantsmainlyde-
pendsonthealreadyachievedlevelofcompetitivenessandtheeconomicgrowth
rate.Suchmodelsas,interalia,thecompetitivenesspyramid(cf.Lengyel,2004;
SzakálnéKanóandLengyel,2012),thecompetitivenesshat(Martin,2003)orthe
competitivenesstree(Ecorys-Nei,2015,Bulu,2011)arebasedontheaforesaid
assumption.
