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CHAPTERONE
THEPUBLICORDERIN
REPUBLICANROME
Eachstatehastoprotectitscitizensagainstviolenceandensure
avastlycomprehendedorderandpublicsecurity.Itisoneofits
fundamentalduties.TroughoutthelonghistoryofancientRome,
thisdutywasperformedinvariousways.Teresponsibilityforits
fulfillmentlaywithallthemagistrates,althoughnottothesameex-
tent.Alongwiththesystemicchangeswhichoccurred,theforces
responsibleforpreservingthepublicorderweretransformingas
well,especiallyasregardsthedetailsoftheirorganization.During
theLateRepublic,thefreedomofRomanauthoritieswaslimited
bythelegalbanagainstthearmystayingwithinthebordersof
Romejthenametropolisofalmostamillioninhabitants.1Tere-
fore,policeformationsofamilitarynaturewere(atleastofcially)
excluded.Tisrulewasconsideredthebasisofpoliticalfreedom.2
ItwasexpressedinthebestmannerbyCicero,whoinoneofhis
PhilippicscommentedontheactivitiesofMarkAntony:3
Quidvero?quodincontionedicereaususestse,cummagistra-
tuabisset,adurbemfuturumcumexercitu,introiturumquo-
&n.105;(1988)11-12;(1995)4.
1