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STUDIESINROMANGOVERNMENTANDSOCIETY
ri(withoutthefullnameofanofcegiven)beunderstood.Ifthere
weretwodistinctcollegesofsimilarnamesandfunctions,anyter-
minologicallight-heartednessoftheancientauthorsmusthaveled
tochaos.Abasictaskoftriumvirinocturniwasthenight-watching
onthestreetsoftheCity.Preventionagainstfireswasmostimpor-
tant,but,alongtheway,Vigilescouldarrestslavesorvagrantsthat
werewanderingaroundortakecareoftheorderonthestreets.,2
Assumingthattresviricapitaleswereidenticaltothetriumvirinoc-
turni,meansthattheyweresubordinatetothepraefectusvigilumin
thetimesoftheEmpire.,3Onthesamebasis,TeodorMommsen
proposedathesisthattresviricapitalesweregenerallycompetent
asfaraspolicemattersisconcerned.,4
Undoubtedly,theforcesengagedinkeepingorderintherepubli-
canRomeweremuchtooweakinrelationtothegrowingneeds
oftheCity,whichwasexpandingbothinrespectofterritoryand
population.Terewerefewmagistratesresponsibleforpublicor-
dertogetherwithsubordinatehelpers(apparitores).Telatterwere
organizedintoassociations(decuriae)oflictors,writers,ushersand
criersoriginatingfromthecirclesofstateslaves,freedpeopleand
clients.,5AccordingtoWilfriedNippel,keepingrepublicanRome
inorderwaspossibleonlythankstothedisciplinednatureofRo-
mansociety.Maintainingtheprevailingorderwassupportedby
379;Pailler(1988)263;Cascione(1999)9-14;cf.Hirschfeld(1913)578;Lintott(1968)
104-6;DellaCorte(1980)675=(1971-2000)vii151;Nippel(1988)35;Sablayrolles
(1996)12-16;Santalucia(1998)93;(1999)30=(2000a)828-9;(2000b)422,424.
,2Santalucia(1998)92-3;(2000b)424;Ruciński(2021)101-2.
,3Dig.1.15.1;Lyd.Mag.1.50.Mommsen(1887-8)ii594-601;Hirschfeld(1913)578;Sab-
batucci(1954)318;Cancelli(1956)18n.4,35;LaRosa(1957);Kunkel(1962)71-9;
Lintott(1968)102-6;Robinson(1981)214;Pailler(1988)263-4;Nippel(1995)22-
6;Kunkel&Wittmann(1995)153,533-6;Daguet-Gagey(2000)95;Ruciński(2021)
101-4.
,4Mommsen(1887-8)ii.1596-7;cf.Liv.25.1.10,39.14.10,39.17.5;Dig.1.15.1;Asc.37;Val.
Max.8.1.damn.6.
,5Mommsen(1887-8)i332-71,382;A.H.M.Jones(1949)38-42=(1960)153-7;Echols
(1957-8);Freis(1967)3;Eck(1978a)43;Purcell(1983);Nippel(1984)20&n.1-2;(1988)
19-26;(1995)12-16;Badian(1989);Sablayrolles(2001)130.
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