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Chapter3
Architecture
mayhavebeenusedforagriculturalworkand,out-
sideofthefieldworkseason,theymayhavebeen
storedinroomL12.
Thecourtyard
Anopenairspace(L13)1thecourtyard1stretched
immediatelynorthofroomsL11andL12.Twous-
agephases,whichcanbecorrelatedwithHouse2,
canbedistinguishedforthecourtyardinstratum4.
Thecourtyardfromtheearlierphase(stratum4a)
featuredvarioustypesoffireinstallations:2ovens
(07,08),ahearth(H5)andaheatingpit(HP4)
[seeFig.3.25:2].Becauseoftheirpresence,layersof
packedashesandearthmixedwithashespredomi-
natedhere.Twoovensoftannurtype,situatednext
toeachother,werebuiltrightbytheouterwallof
roomL11.Theovenswerelocatedonthemudbrick
patchworklevel,withbeatenashylayerspredom-
inatingimmediatelyeastofthem.0ven07has
amaximumdiameterof0.50matthebase(un-
preservedupperpart),whiletheotheroven(08),
withadiameterofca.0.50matthebase,risesto
aheightofca.0.40m.0ven08presumablyper-
formedthefunctionofakitchenstove[Fig.3.28:1].
Attheoven’sbase,thereisaholetoenableairventi-
lationandsweepoutash.Fourknobslocatedinside
theoven,justunderitsrim,wereusedassupports
toholdacookingpot.Theoven’sinterpretationas
akitchenstoveisconfirmedbymultipleexamples
ofcookingpotsandalid,foundinthecourtyard
inthecontextoftheovens.Additionally,there
aresemicirculardentsintherimofoven08.Per-
hapstheywereusedtosupportskewerswithmeat
whenitwasroastedinsidetheoven.Themeatwas
presumablypreparedandeateninthecourtyard,
wherealargeamountofpost-consumptionanimal
boneremainswasfound.Archaeozoologicalanaly-
sishasdemonstratedthatitwasmainlythemeatof
pig,followedbysheepandgoat.Mostbonescame
fromhighlyvaluedmeatcuts.Approximately1/3of
theremainscamefromindividualskilledatayoung
age,beforetheyreached3.5years.
Apartfromovens07and08,thecourtyardhas
alsoyieldedafragmentofanotheroven(011)with
aheightofca.0.30m,adiameterof0.50matthe
baseandaholeatthebaseliketheoneinoven08
butwithnointernalknobs[Fig.3.28:2].
Aheatingpit(HP4)waslocatedimmediate-
lyeastofovens07and08[Fig.3.29].Thepit
is0.34mindiameterandhasapointedbottom.
Thepitwaslinedwitha1cmlayerofclaywithiso-
latedsmallsherdsplacedinthisclaymortar.The
bottomandthelowerpartofthepitwereaddition-
allylinedwithathicklayer(10-15cm)ofcrushed
1
0
10cm
2
Fig.3.28Cookingstoves,courtyardL13(stratum4a),House2
PAMMonographSeries9
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