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1.Innovationandtheinnovativeprocess
1.1.Innovation
1.1.1.Theessenceofinnovation
Teactivityofmodernenterprisesischaracterizedbytheirstrivingforinnova-
tionintheareaofcreatingvaluefortheclient.Tisactivityresultsintheneed
tosearchforandimplementnewsolutionsthatenableenterprisestomaintainor
improvetheirmarketposition.AsW
.JanaszandK.Kozioł-Nadolna(2011,p.11)
pointout,innovationappliestoallareasoflife-“fromnew(...)solutionsfor
economicorsociallife”to“newcurrentsofthoughtandculture”
.Tekeyroleof
innovationsineconomicdevelopmentisindicatedbyR.Ciborowski(2012,p.43),
whorecognizesthemasthemostimportantdrivingforceofmoderneconomies,
whichgivestheopportunitytoachieve“bettercompetitiveability”
.E.vonHip-
pel(2005,p.1)alsowritesaboutthesignificantroleofinnovationinsocieties,
introducingtheconceptof“democratizinginnovation”
.Itassumes,amongothers,
anincreaseintheroleofconsumersinthecreationofinnovations.According
tothispostulate,bothcompaniesandindividualconsumersshouldbemoreand
moreabletointroduceinnovations.
Tesourceoftheterm“innovations”isinLatin,wheretheword“innovatio”
meansrenewal,change(Bal-Woźniak2012,p.19).Teterm“innovation”is
stronglyrelatedtosuchconceptsasnews,creation,changes,reforms,entrepre-
neurshiporknowledge-basedeconomy(Bednarczyk2010,pp.49-60).Tecreator
oftheterminologyofinnovation,whichisthefoundationoftoday’sscientific
considerations,isJ.A.Schumpeter(1960,p.60),whodefinedinnovationasthe
applicationanddisseminationofnewsolutionsinpractice.Tisauthorhasdistin-
guishedfivemajoreconomicactivitiesthatdeservethenameofinnovation:intro
-
ductionofanewproductorsignificantimprovementinthequalityofanexisting
product;introductionofaneworsignificantlymodernizedproductionmethod;
creatinganewmarketsegmentorenteringageographicallynewmarket;acquiring
