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1.Tearchitectureofthebilingualmentallexicon
Tatis,seeingthewordchieninFrenchdoesnotfacilitaterecognitionofitsEnglish
equivalentdog.Also,bilingualshavenotroublerememberingthelanguageofwords
inlanguagerecalltasksandarenotdistractedbypreviouslylearnedvocabulary
uponswitchingtotheirotherlanguageduringwordmemorization(Frenchand
Jacquet2004).
LexicalseparationisthemainpremiseoftheRevisedHierarchicalModelto
theefectthatatranslationpairlikee.g.appleljabłkoishypothesizedtohavethree
componentsinbilingualmemory:theL1andL2wordformsandasharedmeaning
(deGroot2013;Francis2005;Kroll1993;KrollandStewart1994;KrollandTokowicz
2005;Paradis2004).Asmostbilingualsaremoreproficientinonelanguage,
typicallythefirstone,thereisanasymmetrybothinthesizeofthelexiconsandin
thestrengthoftheconnectionsbetweenthem(deGrootandKroll1997;Krolland
Stewart1994;KrollandTokowicz2005).TeL2islesswelldevelopedonaccount
ofbeingacquiredlaterinlife.Temodelalsopostulatesadevelopmentalshiffrom
lexicalassociationfortheL2,whichinitiallymayonlybeaccessedthroughthe
L1lexicon,todirectconceptmediation,afunctionofgrowingproficiencyinthe
L2.Tisinturnexplainswhythelinksconnectingthelexiconstoeachotherand
tothesemanticlevelarestrongerfortheL2toL1processingthanintheopposite
direction,i.e.fromtheL1totheL2(seeFigure1).Suchaportrayalofthedynamics
ofL2growthmakesthemodelparticularlyrelevanttoL2teachingpractice.
Lexicallinks
Conceptuallinks
L1
Concept
L2smaller
thanL1
Conceptuallinks
Figure1.TeRevisedHierarchicalModel(basedonPavlenko2009)
Teassumptionthatbothlanguagesshareacommonsemanticlconceptualbase
isderivedfromtheresultsofreactiontimestudies.Teyconfirmthatfunctional
translationbetweenlanguagesisrelativelyeasyandnaturalformostbilinguals.
However,sincetheresearchusedmainlyisolatedconcretewords,cautionisadvised
inmakinggeneralizationsfromthisfinding.Additionalbackingforintegration