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1.7.DefinitionsofHConstruction”
1.6.4.Entrenchment
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Entrenchmentisthedegreetowhichaconstructionisestablishedand
representedinaspeaker’sknowledgeofgrammar.Atfirstglance,it
mayseemthatitispracticallythesamethingasidiomaticity.Indeed,
GoldbergamrmedthatH[i]tisclearthatknowledgeaboutlanguagemust
belearnedandstoredassuchwheneveritisnotpredictablefromother
facts”(Goldberg,2006,p.64).However,thetwoareseparateproperties.
GoldbergadmitsthatHpaternsarealsostorediftheyaresumcientlyfre‑
quent,evenwhentheyarefullyregularinstancesofotherconstructions,
andthuspredictable”(p.64).Taylorgivestheexampleofhaveaniceday,
whichishighlyentrencheddespitenotbeingveryidiomatic—itsmeaning
canbepredictedfromthesensesofitsindividualcomponentsandfrom
thesemanticsoftheimperativeconstruction.Similarly,itislikelythat
formostspeakers,theexpressiongameoverisentrenched,eventhough
aspeakerunfamiliarwithitcouldpredictitsmeaningbasedonthe
meaningsofthetwocomponentpartsalone.Theneedforentrenchment
comesfromconventionality.Evenwhenanexpressionispredictableby
virtueofbeingaregularinstanceofamoregeneralconstruction,the
exactwordinghastobestoredasastandardcollocationpreferableto
possibilitieslikeliveanicedayorgamefnished—thesemaynotbeunac‑
ceptable,butaredecidedlyunusualandunidiomatic.
1.7.Defnitionsof“Construction”
Beforeweproceed,areviewofvariouspositionsonconstructions
willbepresented.Thiswillserveasastartingpointtoproposeanap‑
proachtoconstructions(insection2.8below)adoptedinthefollowing
chapters.
Aswaspointedoutabove,withintheframeworkofCxG,allconcrete
unitsoflanguageareconsideredgrammaticalconstructions.InGoldberg’s
(1995)words,
AccordingtoConstructionGrammar,adistinctconstructionisdefinedto
existifoneormoreofitspropertiesarenotstrictlypredictablefrom
knowledgeofotherconstructionsexistinginthegrammar:CisaCON‑
STRUCTIONif
defCisaform-meaningpair<F
i,S
i>suchthatsomeaspect
ofF
iorsomeaspectofS
iisnotstrictlypredictablefromC’scomponent
partsorfromotherpreviouslyestablishedconstructions.(p.4)
