Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
CONTENTS
ARTICLES
MatteoCasenove,KajaKowalczewska
APT—theNewCyberforce?..................................7
TheauthorsexplaintheAdvancedPersistentThreats(APT)phenomenonin
thecontextofthelegalandtechnicaloneperspectives.TheAPTdefinition
isjuxtaposedwiththelegaltermofarmedattack.Legalreflectionsare
concentratedonthecharacteristicsoftheAPTandtrytoexplainwhetherthis
categoryissufficientlyunambiguousandconsistenttoserveasapowerful
argumentinlegalanalysis,whichisespeciallyimportanttothedecision-
makersinthecontextofselfdefenceandthelegalityofamilitaryresponse
toacyberattack.ThetechnicalperspectiveaddscomplexitytoAPTanalysis
duetotheintrinsiccharacteristicsofthemalware,andmoregenerallyofthe
cyberattack.Therefore,theauthorsargue,analysiscannotmerelyfocuson
thetechnicalcontext,andtheyunderlinethenecessityforintegrationwiththe
geopoliticalandmilitarycontextinordertoprovideamoreexhaustiveview
oftheattackandtosupporttheattributionprocess.
JustinDunnicliff,PaulinaIżewicz
CivilianorMilitary?AddressingDual-useItemsasaChallenge
totheNuclearNon-proliferationRegime.......................21
Variouseffortshavebeenmadetoestablishexportcontrolsandother
mechanismsthatwouldpreventillicitnucleartradefromoccurring.These
toolshavebeenfairlysuccessfulincapturingillicittransactionsofgoods
whoseapplicationispurelynuclear.Thegoodsandtechnologiesthatcan
beusedforbothmilitaryandcivilianpurposes,thedual-useitems,remain
thekeychallenge.Thelegitimatemarketforsuchgoodsisenormous,but
theyalsohaveapplicationsincentrifuge,laserenrichment,reactor,and
plutoniumseparationprogrammes.Iranandotherproliferatorshavealong
historyofattemptedprocurementsinthisarea,includingitemssuchas
valves,frequencyconverters,carbonfibre,machinetools,andmanyothers.
Thecurrentnon-proliferationregimehasbeenslowtocatchupwiththis
reality.Itiscrucialtoreversethistrendandadaptinternationalstandards,to
provideamoreholisticapproachtocounteringnuclearproliferation.
