Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
ditions,highairhumidity,highamountofannualprecipitation,longtermsof
atmosphericsilenceandlowwindspeed(Kowalkowski,Jóźwiak2000;Pod-
laski2000).Theunusuallycomplicatedgeologicalstructureofthesemountains,
whichisreflectedinitssoilcover,istheirspecificfeature(Olszewski1992).
FirtreesoccupylightersoilstherethanintheCarpathians.Thesesoilsare
usuallyrichinwaterandarerelativelyfertile(Fabijanowski,Zarzycki1965).
ThebestforeststandsofAbiesalbawithintheareaoftheHolyCrossNational
Park(HCNP)(ŚwiętokrzyskiParkNarodowy)areonsoilsdevelopedfromsilt
andsiltyclaylyingonstonyandsiltyformations(Podlaski2001).Głazekand
Wolak(1991)distinguishedthreetypes(1—3)andsomesubtypes(a—d)ofsoils
atHCNP
.Thesewere:(1)groundgleysoils(a)gleysoilsproper,(b)alluvial
gleysoils,(c)peatygleysoils;(2)brownsoils(a)grey-brownsoils,(b)brown
soilsproper,(c)leachedbrownsoils,(d)acidbrownsoils,and(3)grey-brown
podzolicsoils.Onlyafewofthemarefavourabletofir,especiallybiologically
deepacidbrownsoils,leachedbrownsoils,acidbrownsoilslyingonquartzite,
gleyedacidbrownsoilsandpeaty-gleysoils.
Abietetumalbaeisamulti-layeredcommunitywithseveralgenerationsin
theforeststandoccurringinpermanentecologicalandtopographicalcondi-
tions.ItiswidespreadintheŁysogóryRangewithinthebordersoftheHoly
CrossNationalPark,intheKlonowskieRangeandintheWilkowskaValley,as
wellasintheBielińskieRange,theJeleniowskieRange,andintheforelandof
theHolyCrossMts.(Dziubałtowski1928;Dziubałtowski,Kobendza1933,
1934;MatuszkiewiczJ.1977;Głazek,Wolak1991;MatuszkiewiczJ.M.,
Kowalska2007).Despiteitstypicalshape,Abietetumalbae(=Abietetumpo-
lonicumtypicum),GłazekandWolak(1991)havedistinguishedadegeneration
shapeoftheassociationwithPinussylvestrisand“acommunitywithDryopteris
austriacawithAbiesalbashare”andalsoTilio-CarpinetumabietetosumandPino-
-QuercetumwithAbiesalba.Moreover,firasanadmixturehasbeenobserved
intheDentarioglandulosae-Fagetumphytocoenoses.
Wierdak(1927)wroteabouttheoccurrenceoffirintheRoztoczeregion.The
regionwastreatedasoneofthethirteen“firislands”thatarelocatedoutofthe
compactrangeofthespeciesintheCarpathiansandtheCarpathianFoothills.
Thespeciesoccurredtheresingly,inclumps,orasadominantonesinthestands.
TheBeechMountain(BukowaGóra)naturereservewhichincluded117haofthe
area,wasestablishedafewyearslater(1934)onZamojski)sProperty(Ordynacja
Zamojska).Itincludedthebestmaintainedbeechandfirforests.Thatreserve
togetherwithsomeothersbecametheheartofthefutureRoztoczeNational
Park(RNP)(Skuratowicz1946;Skuratowicz,Urbański1953;Fijałkowski,
Izdebski1959,1972;Izdebski1959,1963;Wilgat1994).
WithinthebordersoftheRoztoczeNationalPark(RNP),Abietetumalbae
coversalmost61%oftheareaoccupiedbyconiferousmixedforests.Itoccurs
onproperpodzolicsoilsmadeofsands.Amongthestandsthataredominated
13