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byfirtrees,theadmixtureismadebyspruce,pine,andrarelybeech.Firre-
generateswellmakingnew-growthsandup-growths(beech-fir-spruce)that
graduallyachievemoreadvancedageclasses.Inotherconiferousmixedforests
oftheRNPlike:Quercoroboris-Pinetum(nexttospruce,birch,andaspen)and
inQuerco-Piceetum(nexttooakandalder),firoccursonlyasanadmixture.
AbiesalbaalsoplaystheroleofadmixtureinphytocoenosesoftheDentario
glandulosae-Fagetumassociationdensefir-beechforestwithaparticipation
ofhornbeam,sycamore,maple,andspruce.Itwasobservedinsomeplaces
oftheRNPthatinthehabitatsoffertilebeechforest,aftertheyhadbeencut
down,purefirstandsdeveloped.Inotherplacestheextensionoffirpromoted
purebeechstands.Potentilloalbae-Quercetumisalightoakwoodthatisone
ofthemostinteresting,decliningplantcommunitiesinthisregion,whereafir
admixturehasbeenobservedaswell(Wilgat1994).
WiththeexceptionofAbietetumalbae,ahighshareoffirisnoticeablein
thestandoftheTilio-Carpinetumabietetosumsubassociation,whichthenphysi-
ognomicallybecomesmoresimilartoAbietetumalbae.However,silverfiralso
occursasanadmixtureintypicalandpoorer,drierformsofoak-hornbeam-
-lindenwoods(Wilgat1994).
TheCracow-CzęstochowaUpland,otherwiseknownasthePolishJura,has
beeninhabitedasanuplandareasincethePalaeolithic.Sincethattimeithas
beenmoreandmoreintensivelyusedforagricultureandforestry.Fromthegeo-
morphologicalpointofview,thisuniqueareabecameaparticularlyinteresting
objectforstudiesonfloraandvegetation(Berdau1859;Medwecka-Kornaś
1952;Wika1983,1986,1989;Babczyńska1978,1984;Brzeg,Wika2011a,b;
Urbisz2004,2008,2012).Inarelativelysmallspace,sometimesononlyone
monadnock,therearenumerousplantcommunitiesoccupyingcompletelydif-
ferentecologicalniches,whichisanimportantregionalJurassicspecificity.At
thesametime,theUplandisanareawheremanymountainplantspeciesoccur.
TheforestcommunitiesoftheCracowJura,thatis,thesouthernpartofthe
Cracow-CzęstochowaUpland,havebeencharacterisedbyMedwecka-Kornaś
(1952)inapreliminarystudy.However,amongthesyntaxathatweredistin-
guished,firoccurredonlyasanadmixtureinforeststandsofsinglepatches
ofFagetumcarpaticum,Querco-Carpinetummedioeuropaeum,andAcereto-
-Fraxinetumtypicum.Suchasmallshareofthisspecieswasprobablyaneffect
ofWorldWarII,aswellasofthedisasterthatwascausedbythecoldwinter
of1928l1929,whichwasdescribedbyPaczoski(1929).Almostallofthefir
treesintheOjcówValleyfrozetodeath.Inthatcontext,thenoteofProfessor
Medwecka-Kornaś(1952)revealedtheprobableoccurrenceofthe“remnantsof
afirforestwithLycopodiumannotinumandL.selago,”whichcoveredtheslopes
ofthewesternexposureinthevicinityoftheDarkCave(GrotaCiemna)inthe
OjcówValley,seemstobeespeciallyimportant.Theauthordidnotsolvethe
problem,whetherthiswasAbietetumalbaefollowingDziubałtowski(1928)or
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