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Fig.1.CurrentdistributionoftheAbietetumalbaeassociationinPolandwithproposeddivision
intoregionalvarieties:a—Silesian-Wielkopolska;b—Jurassic;c—Subcarpathian;
d—HolyCross;e—Roztocze;f—Mazovian
Explanations:1—bordersofassociation)srange;2—provisionalbordersofregionalvarieties
sult,thenaturallycomposedmulti-speciesforestshavebeentransformedinto
thoseofone-species(monotypisation)andpine-dominated(pinetisation)forest
stands(MatuszkiewiczJ.1977;Barć2002,2004;Brzeg,Rutkowski2004;
Danielewicz2012;MatuszkiewiczW
.etal.2012).
Overthelastfewhundredyears,theSudeteshavebeenloggedheavily,and
thustheareahasbeentransformedduetotheaccumulationofafewsettlement
waves(Walczak1968;Zientarskietal.1994;Staffa2001;Filipiak2006).
ForestcuttingtookplaceintheSudetesasearlyasinthe13thcentury,because
glassmanufacturersbeganoperatingatthattime.Despitethat,theshareoffir
insomeforestsuptothemiddleof18thcenturystillachieved10%(Zoll1958).
Nevertheless,becausethefirasaspeciesissensitivetochangesinitsnearest
environment(Filipiak2006),itveryquicklylostitsimportantpositioninthe
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