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Hence,thecolonizationofMarswithoutbiotechnologywouldnothaveanychanceof
success.Takingintoaccountbiologicalprocessesisincrediblyimportanttocreatean
efficientlyworkingbiosystemandenablehumanorganismstograduallydevelopontheRed
Planet.MostofthecontemporarysolutionstoproblemsrelatedtothecolonizationofMars
requireanapplicationofbiotechnologicalmethodssuchas,forexample,geneticmodification
ofmicrobes.Itmaybethereforeassumedthatinthecaseofmissionssuchasthecolonization
ofMars,biotechnologistswillplayamorecrucialoratleastanequallysignificantroleas
engineersandconstructorsofrocketsthroughwhichwewillreachtheplanet,andof
equipmentandmachinesindispensableduringterraformationofMars.
3.DIFFERENCESINCONDITIONSPREVAILINGONEARTHANDMARSAND
ENSUINGISSUES.
MarsandEarthdifferconsiderablyfromeachother,thereforeterraformingofMarsisa
challengingtask.Eventhoughfromageologicalpointofviewthetwoplanetshadmany
commontraitsinthepast,asJoelS.LevineandRudySchildwrite:“Measurementstaken
showthatEarthandMarshaveexperiencedvastlydistinctpathsofevolution.”(Levine,Joel
S.andSchildRudy2010).Nevertheless,recentlyundertakenNASAspacemissions,e.g.
thoseusingsuchroversasSpirit,orOpportunity,revealedthatMarsisnotaplanetas
completelyalientousasitmightseem.
Inthischapter,conditionsfoundontheRedPlanet,withspecialattentionpaidto
atmosphericandgeologicalaspects,willbedescribed.Issuesthatrelatetothe“otherness”of
Mars,ascomparedtoEarthwillalsobediscussed.Itisobviousthatmanymethodsweuseon
ourplanet,willprovetobeineffectiveonMarsbecausetheatmospherethereisoffairly
differentcomposition,thesoiliscomposedofdissimilarcomponents,andotherrawmaterials
arecoveringitssurface,letalonetheradiationfoundontheplanet.Hence,itisimportantto
thoroughlydiscussallrelatedaspects.
