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ChapterOne:Academicreflectionsonthephenomenonofadvertising
timesevenidentifyingitforthefirsttime,followingthedramatisedperformance
bysecondaryparticipantsinthefirstpartofthead.Thedivisionofthetypeofad-
dressusedincommercialsintodirectandindirect(orprimaryandsecondary)is
borrowedfromLeech(1966).Ithasbeenexpandedandmorethoroughlydiscussed
inWojtaszek(2002a,pp.24-28),wheresuchnotionsasprimaryandsecondarypar-
ticipants(orcharacters)areintroduced,theformerbeingtheoriginalsendersof
themessage(producers,serviceproviders,announcersdirectlyspeakingontheir
behalf),whereasthelatteranyfictionalcharactersappearinginrole-playsorceleb-
ritiesendorsingtheproducts,whoactasmediatorsbetweentheproducerorser-
viceproviderandtherecipient.Thiskindofdistinctionwillbeusedthroughout
thebookwhereverrelevantdiscussionrequiresit.
Itisthesecondaryaddressportionofthecommercialwhichallowsforthebig-
gestfreedomofexpressionandistheadvertiser’sterritorywherehisinventiveand
creativetalentscanbefullydemonstrated.Nowonderthatthispartisalmostun-
constrainedwhenitcomestothelinguisticandnon-linguisticformswhichwe
comeacross.Theprimaryaddresspartismuchmorepredictableandregular,fol-
lowinganumberofwell-establishedpatternsofmessagepresentation,whosecon-
tentandstructureisoftenpredeterminedbytheadvertisedproductorcommodity.
Themediumwhoseimportancefortheadvertiserswasfirstnoticedsometwenty
yearsago,butwhichbecameareallysignificantcomponentofadvertisingcam-
paignsonlyinthe21stcentury,istheInternet.ThepaperswrittenonInternetad-
vertisingfocusprimarilyonsuchtopicsasCeffectivenessofInternetadvertising,
interactivity,electroniccommerce,advertisingprocesses,attitudetowardthesitel
adlbrand,andcomparisontotraditionalmedia’(Kim&McMillan,2008).Thejour-
nalswhichweretakenintoconsiderationbytheabove-mentionedstudyinclude
titleswithaclearmarketingbias,sopaperswithaclearerlinguisticfocuswerenot
counted,butcertainissueswithverydistinctimpactonthelanguagewerenever-
thelessconsidered.Thus,theissueofinteractivityseemstoemergeasoneofthe
importantfactorscharacterisingthisnewemergingmedium.Internetadvertising
ismuchcloserthanadvertisingintraditionalmediatodirectmarketing,where
thecontactwithpotentialcustomersistoasignificantdegreepersonalisedandin-
dividualised.Thankstosuchdevicesascookiesorsemi-legalspyingprogrammes
informationisgatheredaboutparticularusersinordertodirecttothemadver-
tisementsfinely-tunedtotheirpreferencesandlifestyles,partlydisclosedbytheir
Internet-surfinghabits.AlargeportionofInternetcommercialsreachesusnowa-
daysintheformofspammessages,whichinmanycasesaredistributedtorecipi-
entsselectedonthebasisoftheknowledgethatrelevantinstitutionshavemanaged
tocollectaboutthem.Thiskindoftendency,althoughstemmingfromtheadvan-
tagesofferedbyinformationtechnology,hasmanyinterestingconsequencesper-
tainingtotheuseoflanguage.Someofthemhavebeenstudiedbyscholarswho
focusedtheirattentiononelectronicpromotionalmails,suchasBarron(2006)or
Cheung(2008;2010).Apartfromidentifyingthecomponentpartsandpropos-
ingtheanalyticalframeworkforthistypeofpersuasivegenre,theyalsomanaged