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ChapterI
sucharolewasplayedbyhisfamousTractatusdeproportionibus,inwhich
hemadeanextensiveuseofKilvington’squestiononlocalmotion.
Bradwardine’streatiseisdividedintofourchapters.Thefrstonereca-
pitulatestheknowledgeaboutproportionalitytobefoundinBoethius’
ArithmeticandCampanusdeNovara’sCommentariumsuperquantumlibrum
“Elementorum”Euclidis;inthesecondchapter,Bradwardinecriticizesfour
theoriesinterpretingAristotle’sstatementthatspeedisproportional
totheactingandpassivepowersinvolved;inChapterIIIBradwardine
introduceshisownsolutionoftheproblemanduhecommenceshis
exegesisbyquotingAristotleandAverroesingeneralsupportofhis
view,afterwhichhelaunchesdirectlyintohistwelvetheoremsconcern-
ingvelocity”;30chapterIVdealswithcircularmotions.Bradwardine’s
theoryisasubjectofdetailedstudyinChapterIIIbelow.
3.WilliamHeytesbury
WilliamHeytesburywasbornsometimebefore1313inWiltshirein
theSalisburyDiocese.HeisfrstmentionedasafellowatMertonCol-
legeinOxfordin1330.Heheldtheadministrativepositionofabursar
(i.e.,therecipientofascholarship)ofMertonin1338-1339,respon-
siblefordeterminingdues,auditingaccounts,andcollectingrevenues.
By1340hehadcompletedhisregencyinartsatMertonand,together
withJohnDumbleton,hadbeennamedafoundationfellowatthenew
Queen’sCollegein1340,butsoonhereturnedtoMertonCollege.He
wasaDoctorofTheologybyJuly1348,chancelloroftheUniversity
in1371-72,andmayhavebeenchancelloralsoin1353-1354.Hedied
betweenDecember1372andJanuary1373.
Heytesburyobtainedhisfamethankstohislogicalworks,noneof
histheologicalworksisknown.Heytesbury’sextantwritings,whichare
tentativelydatedtotheperiod1331-1339are(withoneexception)con-
cernedwiththeanalysisoffallaciesandsophisms.Sophismataisacollec-
tionofsophismsforadvancedstudentsworkingonnaturalphilosophy
(usophisms-asPaulSpadedescribesit-areproblematicsentences
aboutwhichonecangiveplausibleargumentsboththattheyaretrue
30L.CrosbyJr,ThomasofBradwardineHisTractatusdeproportionibusł.,p.38.