Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
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TranThiMinhThi
developingthereunifiedcountryandcopedwithasocioeconomiccrisiscausedby
thelongperiodofwar(i.e.three-quartersofthe20thcentury),faileddevelopment
policies(i.e.emphasisonheavyindustryandneglectofagricultureandconsumer
goods;foodproductiondidnotkeeppacewiththerequirementsoftherising
population,andthecrisisafterthecurrencyreformin1984)andinternational
isolation(i.e.until1995).WiththeRenovationin1986,thecountryunderwent
arapidtransitionfromawhollycentrallyplannedeconomytoasocialist-oriented
marketeconomy.TheeconomyofVietnamistransformingfromacommand,
subsidised,bureaucraticcentrallyplannedeconomywithaclosed-doorpolicy
towardsamarket-orientedeconomyandanopen-doorpolicy.Aftermorethree
decades,theeconomyhastakenoffstronglyandin2011Vietnamachievedlow
middle-incomestatus.
Vietnamisobservingchangesindemographicsandfamilystructure,suchas
increaseinthepopulationagedover65,theextensionoflifeexpectancy,whichis
linkedtoanincreaseinthenumberofelderlyinneedofcare,afallinthefertility
rate,dramaticchangeinfamilystructurefromco-residenceofmultiplegenerations
tonuclearfamilyresidences,andnoweventoincreasingsingle-memberhouseholds
(livingalone)anddelayingmarriage,resultinginashrinkingsupplyoffamily
caregivers.Elderlycarehasreceivedincreasingattentioninrecentyears,bothfrom
atheoreticalperspectiveandpracticalresearch,becauseoftheincreaseintheelderly
populationandincreasingsocialissuesrelatedtoprovisionandtypologiesofelderly
care.Vietnamhasanageingpopulation.In2018,Vietnamhad11.3millionpeople
over60yearsold,accountingfor11.95%oftotalpopulation.Thereweretwo
millionpeopleover80and7.2millionelderlywomen(MOLISA2019).Older
peopleinVietnamareestimatedtomakeup18%ofthepopulationby2030and
toreach26%by2050(VietnameseMinistryofHealth2018).Thegovernment
isplanningtoenhanceinstitutionalcareineachcommunityincollaboration
withlocalmassorganisationsandstakeholders,andtoseeklessonsfromother
societies.AlsotakingintoaccountthetraditionalConfucian-influencedfamily
structure,theresponsibilityforelderlycareisstillafamilymatter.However,given
theincreasingnumberofelderlypeople,thechangesinfamilystructureandgender
equality,howarefamiliesnegotiatingwithothersectorssuchasthestate,the
communityandthemarketincaringfortheirelderlyparents?
2.Thestate,market,familyandcommunityinelderlycare
G.Espring-Andesen(1990)distinguishes“threeradicallydifferentprinciples
ofriskmanagement”:state,marketandfamilies.Moreover,welfarestatescanbe
differentiatedaccordingtothewaytheymakeriskssociallymanageableandhow
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WieśiRolnictwo3(184)/2019
