Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
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TranThiMinhThi
overbysocialinstitutions.Someresearchersbelievethisdeclineofthetraditional
familytobeanunavoidableoutcomeofmodernisationandthemoderneconomy.
Anotherfactorinfluencingthisdebateisthattheabilityofwomen(thetraditional
caregivers)toprovidecareforolderfamilymembershasbeenunderminedby
theirincreasingparticipationinthelabourmarket.Changesinfamilystructure,
particularlyhighratesofdivorceandsingleparenthood,arefurtherdimensions
oftheperceiveddeclineofthefamily.
Manystudiesofcaregivingusetheterms“informalcare”torefertothecare
providedbyfamiliesand“formalcare”torefertothatprovidedbytrainedhealth
andsocialservicestaff.Informalcareincludesthreetasks:(i)personalcare,such
asdressing,bathingorshowering,eating;(ii)helpwithpracticalhouseholdtasks,
suchasgardening,transport,shopping,householdchores;and(iii)helpwith
paperwork,suchasfillingoutformsandsettlingfinancialorlegalmatters.Informal
carealsoincludesemotionalcaresuchastalkingtoelderlyparents,listeningto
theirconcernsetc.State-provided(formal)homecareincludesthreetasks:(i)
professionalorpaidnursingorpersonalcare,(ii)professionalorpaidhomehelp,
and(iii)meals-on-wheels(Kalwij,Pasini,Wu2009).ElinPalm(2013)reported
thatalthoughprofessionalcareissuitableforelderlypeoplerequiringadvanced
care,cost-effectivenessisoftenanimpedingfactor.Informalcaregiving,whichis
thoughttobemorecost-effectivethanformalcare,canonlybeaviablealternative
ifthehomecaregiverscanprovideit.
Theterms“communitycare”andfamilycarearerelatedtotheterm“ageing-
in-place”
,whichhasbeendefinedas“remaininglivingathomeinthecommunity,
withsomelevelofindependence”(Daveyetal.2004).Theliteratureonageing-
in-placeisoftenabouthowthehomecanbemademorefunctionalandlessrisky
fortheolderadultbyprovidingvarioushomeaidsforvariousaspectsofdailylife
(Cutchin2003)andmaintainingindependenceandprivacy.Thissuggeststhatolder
people’shomesareincreasinglybecomingspacesofconsumptionofshort-and
long-termcareprovidedbyformalandinformalprofessionalsandlaycaregivers.
However,thetermplacerelatesnotonlytoolderpeople’shomesbutalsototheir
communitythroughfamilymembers,friends,neighbours,religiouscongregations
orserviceagencies(Iecovich2014).
Inage-friendlycommunities,olderpeoplearenotonlyconsumersofservices
butarealsoasocialcapitalthatcontributestothewell-beingofthewhole
community.Theidealisedvisionofageing-in-placepresumesthatstayingat
homeinoldageisinallwaysthebestandultimateoption.However,recognising
thatageingintheirhomesisnotafeasibleoptionforsomeolderpeople,Stephen
M.Golant(2011)presentsamuchbroaderviewonthemeaningofageing-in-place
toalsoincluderetirementcommunitiesorassistedliving,whereolderpeoplecan
14
WieśiRolnictwo3(184)/2019
