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MałgorzataEysymontt•Theinterferenceofthelegislator...
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thephysicianisobligedtorecordhisorherrefusalinthemedicaldocumentation
ofapatient.Moreover,itisprovidedforthataphysicianperforminghisorher
professiononthebasisofanemploymentrelationorwithinthescopeofservice
isalsoobligedtonotifythereofhisorhersuperiorinadvanceinwriting.Itis
indicatedthatArticle39regulatingtheconscienceclause(conscienceisaninternal
andsovereigncategoryofeveryindividual,notsubjecttoevaluation)isusually
invokedincasesregardingtheissueoflegallyadmissibleterminationofpregnancy
orrequestsforaprescriptionforacontraceptivebyafemalepatientwherethe
ethicalnormisperceivedasmoreseverethanthelegalnorm24.Therefusalof
adoctormayregardvarioussituations,includingtherapeutichealthcareservices
suchasperformanceofasurgery,legitimateterminationofpregnancy,diagnostic
examinationoratransplantofanorganfromalivingdonor.Furthermore,itmust
bestressedthatonthebasisofArticle38clause2thedoctorwhorefusestoprovide
ahealthcareserviceisobligedtoindicatearealisticpossibilityofobtainingsuch
serviceinanothermedicalfacilityorfromaphysicianinthesamefacility.
TherepresentativesofthePolishdoctrinewarnthattheconscienceclauseisthe
doctor’sprivilegeincaseofanactioninconsistentwiththeirconscience(which
isexplainedasbeinginconflictwithbeliefsstemmingfromtheirworldview,
religiousbeliefsorprofessedmoralprinciples)andprotectstheir“moralintegrity”
butatthesametimemayconstituteaseveredanger,especiallyifthedoctors
refusingparticularmedicalserviceshavemonopolyontheirprovision,which
mayresultinpatientsnotreceivingsuchservicesattherighttime25.Suchcases
mayleadtothejustifiedlawsuitsincivilproceedingsorevencriminalliability
ofthedoctors.Therefore,afewexemplaryjudgementsshouldberecalled.For
example,accordingtothejudgementoftheSupremeCourtof13thOctober
2005,casefileno.IVCK161/05,parentswereentitledtoclaimdamagesfor
pecuniarylossincludingincreasedcostsofsupportingtheirhandicappedchild
whichtheyincurredasaresultofthedoctors’culpableviolationoftheirright
tofamilyplanningandterminationofpregnancyonthebasisofnowrepealed
Article4aClause1point2oftheLawonfamilyplanning26.Incasefileno.III
CSK16/08,on12thJune2008theSupremeCourtruledthattherighttoprenatal
testsresultsfromthepregnantwoman’srighttoinformationontheconditionof
24
M.Urbańska,CommentarytotheArticle39ofLawontheProfessionofPhysicianandDentist,
[in:]M.Kopeć(ed.),Ustawaozawodachlekarzailekarzadentysty.Komentarz,Warsaw2016.
25
E.Zielińska,CommentarytotheArticle39ofLawontheProfessionofPhysicianandDentist,
[in:]E.Barcikowska-Szydło,K.Majcher,M.Malczewska,W.Preiss,K.Sakowski,E.Zielińska,
Ustawaozawodachlekarzailekarzadentysty,Komentarz,Warsaw2014.
26
JudgementoftheSupremeCourtof13thOctober2005,IVCK161/05,OSP2006,no.6,item71.
