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10
Introduction
mostinterestingobservationshereisthat,althoughthePeterboroughManu-
scriptisanortherncopyofachroniclewrittenintheWestSaxondialect,and
thusis4moremodern’asregardswordorderbecausethenortherndialectsof
EnglishweregenerallymoreVO,onecanfindinitthereflexionoftheword
orderchangesthatweregoingonintheWestSaxondialect.Towardstheend
ofChapter3weperformananalysisofasampleofHeimskringla,anOld
Norsetext,andbearinginmindthedatathatweobtainfromitsanalysis,as
wellasfromtheanalysisoftherunicinscriptionscomingfromthesecond
period,i.e.theVikingAge,wetrytoestablishtowhatextentthewordorder
inEnglishwasinfluencedbyOldNorse.Oneofourobservationshereisthat
OldNorseplayedanenormousroleinthedevelopmentofVOwordorderin
English.
InChapter4weconcentratemostlyuponEarlyMiddleEnglishandLate
MiddleEnglishtexts.Webeginbyanalysingtheentries106711121ofthe
PeterboroughChronicleandthenweanalysethetworemainingpartsofit,
namelytheFirstContinuationandtheSecondContinuation.Althoughthe
entries106711121arestillwritteninOldEnglish,wethoughtitagoodidea
toanalysethembeforeafurtheranalysisofthePeterboroughChroniclein
ordertoseethecontrastbetweentheseentriesandthetwoContinuations
wherenoticeablegradualchangesinthespelling,vocabularyandwordor-
dercanbeobserved.AftertheanalysisofthePeterboroughManuscript,we
analysethetextsofJuliana,AncreneWisse,theProseTreatisesofRichard
Rolle,theAstrolabeofGeoffreyChaucer,andsomefragmentsofWycliffe’s
Bible.Thisanalysisallowsustotracesomefurthernoveltiesinthechanging
EnglishwordordertoVO.TowardstheendofChapter4wediscussthepos-
sibleinfluencesofAnglo-NormanuponthedevelopmentofVOwordorder
inEnglish.Thisdiscussionisbasedontheanalysisoftwotextswrittenin
Anglo-Norman,namelyFoederaandtheOxfordPsalter.Oneofthemostin-
terestingobservationshereisthatAnglo-NormanhadmanymoreOVword
orderconfigurationsthantheEnglishlanguageatthattime.Thisobservation
refersespeciallytothepositionofthepronominalobjectwithrespecttothe
verb.AlthoughAnglo-NormanwasOVtoquitealargeextent,itneverthe-
lessboostedthefurtherdevelopmentofVOwordorderstructuresinEnglish
butinadifferentwaythanOldNorsedid.
InChapter5wemakeasummaryofthewordorderanalysisthatwedid
inthepreviouschaptersandwetrytoarriveatsomeconclusionsthatthis
analysisoffers.Theaimofthissummaryistodiscoversomeregularityin
thechangefromOVtoVOinEnglishwordorder.Thisregularity,however,
canonlybeobservedonthebasisofaconsciousselectionofonlyafew
analysedtextsdatingfromdifferentperiodsinthehistoryofEnglishandnot
onthebasisofallofthetextsthatweanalysed.Thetextsthatdidnotfitthis
regularityverywellaresimplydisregardedhere,butthisdoesnotmeanthat