Treść książki

Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
1.1.Outlineofwordordertheories
15
erning-governedrelationships,buthelatersomewhatmodifiedhisviewsand
claimedthattheverb-objectorderwasnotofprimaryimportance(afterB
EAN
1983).Vennemann,ontheotherhand,unlikeLehmann,maintainedtheview
thatthepositionoftheobjectwithrespecttotheverbdeterminedotherrela-
tionsinlanguage.HecameupwiththenotionoftheNaturalSerialisation
principleaccordingtowhichthepositionofanymodifyingelement(operator)
withrespecttotheelementitmodifies(operand)isregulatedbytheposition
oftheobjectwithrespecttotheverb.Inotherwords,theoperand-operator
relationshipisserialisedaccordingtotheserialisationdisplayedbytheverb
withrespecttotheobject.Thiscanbeillustratedinthefollowingway:
[Operator[Operand]]inOVlanguages
(Operator(Operand))
[[Operand]Operator]inVOlanguages
Furthermore,accordingtoV
ENNEMANN
(1973:25;afterB
EAN
1983:26),4lan-
guagesdevelopcyclicallyfrommorphologywithfewgrammaticallyfunc-
tionalwordorderrulestowordorderwithfewmorphologicalrulesandback
again,withsoundchangebeingthecausalfactorthroughout.’Asfarasthe
SerialisationPrincipleisconcerned,H
AWKINS
(1979:6441645;afterM
C
-
M
AHON
1994:152)doesnotassumethatalloperatorsofagivenlanguage
mustbeserialisedononesideoftheiroperands,andheinsteadproposes
thePrincipleofCross-CategoryHarmony(CCH),accordingtowhich4there
isaquantifiablepreference,acrosslanguages,fortheratioofpreposedto
postposedoperatorswithinoneoperandcategorytogeneralizetotheother
operandcategories.’Moreover,heintroducestheideaoftheMobilityPrin-
ciple,whichpredictsthatcertainspecifiblemodifierswilldeviatefromthe
serialisationpatterncharacteristicofagivenlanguagebeforeothermodi-
fiers.Apartfromthat,heformulatestheHeavinessSerialisationPrinciple,
whichstatesthatthelighterthemodifierstendtobe,themorelikelythey
aretoappearontheleftoftheirphrase(M
C
M
AHON
1994).L
IGHTFOOT
(1979;
afterM
C
M
AHON
1994),ontheotherhand,proposestheso-calledTranspar-
encyPrinciple,whichispartofthetheoryofgrammar,andwhichcontrols
theamountofopacity,orexceptionality,thatcanbetoleratedbyagrammar.
Inotherwords,itcontrolstheamountofabstractnessthatmaybuildupin
thesyntax.Whentheabstractness,oropacity,exceedsthepermittedlevel
ofcomplexity,itviolatestheTransparencyPrinciple,whichinturnrequires
aradicalreanalysisinthegrammar,wherebytheunderlyingstructuresare
broughtclosertotheirsurfacestructuresandtheabstractnessbecomesre-
ducedoreliminated.Furthermore,afterthedeepchangeinthegrammar
takesplace,itresultsintheemergenceofawholeseriesofsimultaneous
changesindifferentpartsofthegrammarofalanguage.