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trendsofUkrainianlabormigrationhavechangedsignificantly.In2012,
40%ofUkrainiansmigratedtoRussiaforwork,only15%toPoland.Cur-
rently,about25%ofUkrainiancitizensworkabroad,while40%workin
Poland9.TheaboveindicatesthatitistheRepublicofPolandthatisbe-
comingthemaincountryofUkrainianeconomicmigration.
MigrationpolicytowardsimmigrantsfromUkraine
Thepragmatismofthepolicyregardingtheemploymentofimmigrants
fromUkraineassumesthecomplementarynatureoftheiremployment.
ThismeansthatthereasonforemployingforeignersbyPolishemployers
istheshortageofworkersandtheinabilitytomeetthestafngneedsof
thecompanyonthelocallabormarket.Thankstothis,theinfluxofim-
migrantswillingtoworkshouldnotbeassociatedwithincreasedcom-
petitionforjobswithnativecitizens,aswouldbethecaseinthecaseof
employmentsubstitutability.Moreover,complementaryemployment
shouldnothavetheefectofloweringthelevelofremunerationonthe
localmarket.DuetothefactthatthevastmajorityofUkrainiancitizens
areemployedinthesecondarysectorofthelabormarket,theydonot
competeforjobswithnativeworkerswhoarereluctanttoperformthis
typeofwork10.
Theprincipleofcomplementarityofemploymentisappliedinthe
caseofanemployerapplyingforaworkpermitforaforeignerfrom
athirdcountryorobtainingauniformpermitfortemporaryresidence
andwork.Thisisreflectedintheneedtoconductalabormarkettestby
PoviatLaborOfcescompetentfortheplacewheretheforeigner’swork
isperformedtocheckwhetherthereisanyPolishcitizenonthelocalla-
bormarketwhocouldtakethejoboferedtotheforeigner.
9S.Nikolaichuk,DepartamentPolitykiMonetarnejorazAnalizEkonomicznych
NarodowegoBankuUkrainy,https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomo-
sci/artykul/ukraincow-zabraknie-juz-za-kilka-lat,74,0,2399306.html[accessed:
20.05.2023].
10Z.Brunarska,MigracjeobywateliUkrainydoPolskiwkontekścierozwoju
społeczno-gospodarczego:stanobecny,polityka,transferypieniężne,nCMRWork-
ingPapers”
,Warszawa2012,nr60,p.48.
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