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CHAPTER2.CONCEPTSOFFISCALCONSOLIDATION
theassessmentofthesustainabilityoffiscalconsolidationimplementedinselected
EUcountriesinthe1990s(insomecasesalsointhefollowingyears),inthefaceof
thedisruptionstriggeredbythefinancialcrisislaunchedin2008,wascarriedout0
Theterm4consolidation’isusedtodescribeactionstakentoachieveinternalstructural
integrity0Itcanalsobereferredtothesituationresultingfromtheseactions0Thecon-
ceptoffiscalconsolidationshouldbe,therefore,understoodastheactionstakenwithin
theframeworkoffiscalpolicyaimedatachievinginternalintegrityofthepublicfinance
system0Inthesourceliterature,aswellasineverydaypractice,therearemanydifferent
conceptsoffiscalconsolidation,whichisoneofthemaincausesofdisputes0IntheEuro-
peanCommission’sterms,fiscalconsolidationisdefinedasanimprovementinthebudget
balancethroughdiscretionaryfiscalpolicymeasures,determinedbytheamountofim-
provementortheperiodinwhichitisexpectedtooccur0
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IntheFinancialTimesLexicon,
itisemphasisedthatconsolidationreducesthebudgetdeficitbutisnotaimedatgetting
ridofthepublicdebt04Accordingtootherauthors,5wearedealingwithconsolidation,
whenthereisapermanentdeclineintheratioofpublicdebttoGDP
0TheOECDpro-
posesawiderdefinition,accordingtowhichfiscalconsolidationisapolicyaimedatre-
ducingthebudgetdeficitaswellastheaccumulationofdebt06Inthesubjectliterature,
fiscalconsolidationiscommonlydefinedbytheimprovementinacertainamountofcy-
clicallyadjustedprimarybalance0However,definitionsrelatingtochangesintheratio
ofprimarybalancetoGDPaswellastochangesintheshareoftheprimarybalancein
publicexpenditurescanalsobecommonlymet0Thechoiceofdefinitionscandetermine
themodelofconsolidation,andsoitcandeterminethemeasurementofitseffectiveness0
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2.Controversiesovertheconceptoffscalconsolidation
2.1.Problemofthestartingpointofconsolidation
Scrutinizingthesubjectliteratureallowsustodistinguishseveralkeyareasofthedis
-
puteoverthefiscalconsolidation:1)determiningthestartingpointofconsolidation,
3GReportonPublicFinancesinEMU”,EuropeanEconomy,no09,2014,p0141,availableathttp://ec0eu-
ropa0eu/economy_finance/publications/european_economy/2014/pdf/ee9_en0pdf(accessedNovember
14,2017)0
4GFiscalconsolidation”,FinancialTimesLexicon,availableathttp://lexicon0ft0com/Term?term=fis-
cal-consolidation(accessedFebruary14,2016)0
5V
.Almeidaetal.,GFiscalConsolidationinaSmallEuro-AreaEconomy”,InternationalJournalof
CentralBanking,vol09,no04,2013,p010
6GSourcesandMethodsoftheOECDEconomicOutlook”,availableathttp://www.oecd.org/eco/out-
look/sources-and-methods0htm(accessedFebruary14,2016)0
7Ch.Amo-Yarteyetal.,GTheChallengesofFiscalConsolidationandDebtReductionintheCaribbean”,
IMFWorkingPaper,WP/12/276,2012,p0170
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