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Introduction17
byindividuals,andthecommunityiscorruptedbytheonesidedness,i.e.
thelackofthedesirablebalancebetweenindividualityandcommunity
(Koestler2006).Contemplationcouldbeanon-revolutionarywayof
protectingthedemocraticmentalityandfreedomofindividuals.The
collective,nation,orstateshouldbecontemplatedtoseeandfeel
theamountoffreedomitgivestous.However,weshouldalsoremember
thatsomekindofcontemplationasamindfulnesspracticeoriginating
fromZenBuddhismcouldbeusedasawaytoincreaseefficiencyand
profitinbusinesscompanies(SaariandHarni2016).3Therefore,we
shouldalsolookintothiskindofcontemplationtoexaminetheroots
andcontextofitsuse.
Contemplationofanideologythatusestheconceptofhistorical
necessityasanexcuseforterrorcouldprotectusagainstIeasy
theorizing’.However,contemplationcouldleadusinthewrongdirection
ifitisbasedonanideologyandwearenotabletosuspendourbasic
assumptionsforouractivities.Ifsomeactivitiescreatesufferingunder
theoneideologythatwebelivein,wearemorepronetojustifythe
assumptionsandsufferings.Themotivesoftheindividualbecomenot
important.Thedirectionofthemovement,party,andhistorybecomes
logicalandjustifiable.Rubashow,theheroofthebookbyArthur
Koestler,didnotquestionedhisbasicassumptions(ibid.:76).Rubashow
fearofmeetingwiththehistorymachinewastremendous,butinreality,
itwasafearofmeetingwiththeselfandacceptingresponsibilityfor
pastchoicesanddeedsdoneunderinfluenceofthecommunistideology.
Contemplativepracticescanalsobeusedpragmaticallytosolve
socialproblems.Itisusedfortherapyand/ortheresocializationof
personsunadjustedtosociety.ThereistheMoritaTherapythatusesZen
Buddhisminspiration.Thistherapyisnotdirectedtowardintellectually
solvingthepsycho-socialproblems,buttoexperiencingtherealityas
itis.Thepsychologicalrealityshouldbeaccepted.Themodificationis
notconnectedwithrepairmentofthepsychebycognitiveprocesses.
Itisratherbyconnectingthealready-acceptedwishesanddrivesof
thepersonwithhisresponsibilityforlifeactivities.Itstressesthe
importanceofawarenessofbeing,actingandacceptingthenatural
courseoflife.
3H…thewayZenspiritualityisusedinentrepreneurshipeducationshowsthe
inventivesweepinglogicofcapitalism:itbroadensitsownboundariesbyassimilating
criticismthatseemstocomefromoutsideit.Inthiscase,thecounterculturalandat
timesdecidedlyanti-capitalistethosofZenBuddhismwasdeterritorializedandannexed
totheveryconditionsofproductiveworkinthegeneraleconomy.Thisalsohighlights
thewaycapitalismnotonlyIrepresses’inthesenseofsufocatinghumanlife,butcreates
humanrealityandcultivatesitsproductiveforces”(Saari,Harni2016:114).