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22›Cha
pterI.Apersonastheauthoroftheirowndevelopment
secondaryschoolsareinfluentialinfosteringtheearlystagesofdeveloping
self-authorship(Meszaros&Lane,2010).Pizzolato(2003)discoveredthat
manystudentswerefamiliarwiththeself-authoringstrategiesofinformation
organisationbeforeattendingcollegeandthattheyextendedthemduringtheir
studies.AccordingtoAmandaL.McGowan)sanalysis,self-authorshiphas
beenlargelystudiedincollege-ageindividuals;pre-collegiateself-authorship
hasbeenfoundinindividualsfacingmarginalisationorchallengingsituations
(e.g.racialminorities,homosexualsandat-riskstudents;McGowan,2016,pp.
5-6).Forthepurposesofthisbook,Montessorischoolgraduatesbetween16
and21yearsofagewerethesubjectsoftesting.Teconceptofthestudywas
builtontheself-authoringtheoryofKazimierzObuchowski(1993,2000,
2001,2006),thePolishpsychologistandtheoristofthepersonality.
20KazimierzObuchowski’stheoryoftheself-authoring
personality:Fromperformingrolestoself-determination
Obuchowski(1993,1999,2000,2001)observedanddescribedtheevolution
ofaperson)sfunctioning.Hediscussedthetransformationofthestatusofthe
humanbeing,whichhedescribedasarevolutionofsubjects.Tisrevolution
meansthatwithinafewyears,
onthescaleofalargepopulation,theassumptionsthatinthehistoryofour
speciesjustifiedtheobjectivewayofexistenceofthehumanbeingwerereject-
ed.…Itinvolvedmainlyeducatedpeopleandwaspracticallyunnoticed,even
thoughasaresultofitmandiscoveredhimselfastheproperpointofreference
foreverythingimportant.(Obuchowski,2000,p.22)
Tus,therevolutionofsubjectsconstitutesapsychologicalphenomenon.
Tisisaresponsetothechangesinsocialreality,whichshifstheindividual
fromtheobjecttothesubject.Teevolutionofcivilisationandpersonality
observedbytheresearcherconsistsintheemergenceofpeoplewithnewchar-
acteristics,whileCnoneofthehistoricalconceptsofthehumanbeinghasdisap-
peared,butonlythecontextandtheareainwhichtheyareupdatedhaschanged)
(Obuchowski,2000,p.42).Obuchowski(2009)indicatedfourtypesofhuman
functioningthatappearedasaresultoftherevolutionofsubjects:therole-player,
thelearner,theself-authoringpersonandfinallyonewithamutablepersonality.