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10
BezpieczeństwosektorowewXXIwieku.Badaniaiperspektywy
andpower.Securityisgenerallydefinedasfreedomfromthreats,ensuringstate
sovereigntyandalsoasastateobtainedasaresultofproperlyorganizeddefense
againstbothinternalandexternalthreats.WaldemarKitlerdrewattentiontothe
fundamentalnatureofsecurity,superiortoothers
1.
Tenamesecurityisanambiguousconcept.Tescopeisveryextensiveand
consideredinmanyaspects.Itappliestoindividuals,socialgroups,butalsoto
societies,nationsandallhumanity.Itmayapplytostates,regionsorthewhole
world.Usually,itisanalyzedintwoaspects:internalandexternal.However,their
totalrecognitionisreferredtoasnationalsecurity
2.
Currently,therearealsodiferentapproachestonationalsecurityissues:tra-
ditional,rationalistic–havingacenturies-oldtradition,whichfocusonthedefense
ofasovereign–national,stateagainstexternaldangers–ofamilitarynature.And
thesecond–broad(alsocalledcomprehensive),includesmilitaryaswellasnon-
-militaryaspects,itmeanscapturingnewthreatsthatarisewiththedevelopment
ofcivilizationandtechnology.
Despitetheprogressofcivilization,thedynamicgrowthofhumanproductive
forcesandtheabilitytocopewithnumerousdifculties,thenumber,sizeandseve-
rityofphenomenadisorganizingthesocial,economicandpoliticallifeofnations
andtheinternationalenvironmentareincreasing
3.
Enlargingglobalizationprocesseshasresultedintheconceptofanextended
viewofsecurityissuesbeinginlinewiththecontemporary,internationalizedappro-
achtotheissueofinternalsecurity.Itshouldalsobementionedthattheevolution
ofthecomprehensivetheoryofsecurityhasledtoadeparturefromthetraditional
dominationofthenationstateastheleadingsubjectofsecurityandmakingman
itsmainsubjectofinterest(so-calledhumansecurity)
4.
Securitygivesasenseofstability,certainty,guaranteesoftheirmaintenance
aswellasfurtherdevelopment,itisorderandharmony,whichareoneofthebasic
existentialneedsofman.AbrahamMaslow
5manyyearsagohemadesecuritythe
foundationofthehumanpsyche,placingitatthebaseofhisscheme–justafer
thephysiologicalneeds.Accordingtohismodel,itisfromsecuritythatthedesire
1W
.Kitler,BezpieczeństwonarodoweRP
.Podstawowekategorie,uwarunkowania,system,Akademia
ObronyNarodowej,Warszawa2011,pp.22-31.
2R.Jakubczak,BezpieczeństwonarodowePolskiwXXIwieku.Wyzwaniaistrategie,Wydawnictwo
Bellona,Warszawa2006,pp.15-73.
3W
.Kitler,BezpieczeństwonarodoweRP...,op.cit.,p.10.
4
K.P
.Marczuk,Bezpieczeństwowewnętrznewposzerzonejagendziestudiównadbezpieczeństwem
(szkołakopenhaskaihumansecurity),[in:]S.Sulowski(ed.),Bezpieczeństwowewnętrznepaństwa.
Wybranezagadnienia,DomWydawniczyELIPSA,Warszawa2009,p.69.
5AbrahamMaslow–anAmericanpsychologist,describedin1943thetheoryofhumanneeds,
underthename“HierarchyofNeeds”
.Frombasicneedstoahigherlevel.Itisusuallypresented
intheformofapyramid.Atthelowerlevels,hepresentedthebasicneeds,andatthehighest,the
needforself-fulfillment.
