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12
BezpieczeństwosektorowewXXIwieku.Badaniaiperspektywy
Tesubjectofstatesecurityfocusesonthekeycategories,whichincludepri-
marilytheinterestsofthenationandtheresultingstrategicandoperationalgoals
inthefieldofsecurity;securityconditions,i.e.opportunities,challenges,risks
andthreatstothepursuitofinterestsandachievingsecurityobjectives;strategic
(long-term)andpolitical(operationalorongoing)conceptsofactionsaimedat
achievingtheadoptedobjectivesunderthegivenconditions;securitysystems,i.e.
theresourcesoftheentitytoimplementtheadoptedconceptsandtasks,organized
andpreparedforthesetasks
9.
Terefore,theawarenessofsecuritywilldependontheeconomicandmaterial
conditionsofsociety,onthelevelofsatisfyingtheneedsofalowerorder,andsuch
analysisoffactorswillgodowntotheindividuallevel.Tematerialsituationor
livingconditionsofthesocietywillhaveanimpactoncitizens’senseofsecurity
inthefirstplace,thelevelofsatisfyingbasicneedsoraccesstobasicgoodsand
livelihoods.Anotherfactoronthesideofmanishisownexperiencerelatedto
crime,forexampleifsomeonewasavictimorwitnessofcommittingacrime,he
hadcontactwithpeoplefromthecriminalworld
10.
Eachstate,forthesakeofstrengtheningitsownsecurity,undertakesmany
projectswhich,accordingtothesubject-mattercriterion,aredividedintothefol-
lowingtypesofsecurity:political,military,economic,scientific-technical,cultural,
ideologicalandsocio-economic
11.
Security,beingoneofthemainhumanneeds,issubjectiveinnature,and
atthesametimeitisabasicneedoflocalcommunities,statesandinternational
systems.Lackofitcausesnotonlyanincreaseintensionandasenseofdanger,
butalsocausesthateachofthementionedentitiesbeginstoafectitssurroundings
toremove,oratleastawaythreats,statesofuncertainty,fearsoranxieties.Tese
activitiesareaimedatincreasingthesenseofsecurityinsociety.Teorganization
ofthistypeofactivitiesiscarriedoutbylocalandgovernmentauthorities,who
bearresponsibilityforthestateofsecurity.Itcanbesaidthatthesenseofsecurityis
determinedsimultaneouslybyobjectiveandmeasurablefactors,butalsosubjective
factorsthataredifculttomeasureandnotalwaysrational.
Historyshowsthathumanitywasmostafraidoftheextremeforcesofnature
andwarfare,andformanycenturieswaspreparingprimarilyagainstthethreats
associatedwiththem.Attheendofthetwentiethcentury,afertheendoftheCold
War,shebegantoperceiveandinterpretothertypesofthreatsthatappearedin
afullerform.Currently,thethreatistreatedasanindirectordirectdestructive
9S.Koziej,Międzypiekłemarajem.SzarebezpieczeństwonapoczątkuXXIwieku,Wydawnictwo
AdamMarszałek,Toruń2008,pp.11-12.
10R.Rojek,Obiektywneisubiektywnepoczuciebezpieczeństwa(accessed:19.12.2019),http://www.bez-
pieczna.pl/bezpieczenstwo/felieton/osoba/obiek-tywne-i-subiektywne-poczucie-bezpieczenstwa.
11Z.Ściborek,B.Wiśniewski,R.B.Kuc,A.Dawidczyk,Bezpieczeństwowewnętrzne.Podręcznik
akademicki,WydawnictwoAdamMarszałek,Toruń2015,pp.29-55.
