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A.Krawczyk.Influenceofeducationonsecurityonstatesecurity
19
withtheconceptofdefensiveeducation.However,itshouldbeemphasizedthatthe
secondhasamuchnarrowerscopeandfallswithintheareaofthefirstone.Defensive
educationis:preparingthesociety,withparticularemphasisontheschoolandaca-
demicyoutheducationsystem,toperformhumanitariantasksaimedatminimizing
theconsequencesandeliminatingtheefectsofaccidents,disasters,naturaldisasters
duringpeacetime,aswellasthefactorsofweaponsduringwarfare
31.
Intheliterature,previouslyreferredto,amongothers,termssuchas:thetheory
ofdefenseeducation,militaryadoption,defensiveeducationdefensiveadoption
ordefensepedagogy.
Teeducationalprocessintheyears1918-1945–includedpreparationof
reservesandmilitaryadoption–aimedatdefensivepreparationofthesociety.
Temilitaryeducationteachingprogramincluded,amongothers,educationand
militarytraining,civiceducation,andphysicaleducation.
Intheyears1945-1976itwascarriedoutunderthenamemilitarydisposition.
OnFebruary25,1948,theUniversalOrganizationServicetoPolandwasestabli-
shed–aPolishstateparamilitaryorganizationforyoungpeopleaged16-21.And
itwasthisyear,inthisorganization,militaryadoptionwasintroduced.In1948,
theSejmadoptedalawontheuniversalobligationofphysicaleducationand
defensiveadoption,whichweresubjecttocitizensoversixteenyearsofageregar-
dlessofsex.Tetrainingtookplacetwiceaweek,onehour,twoorthreeyearsof
secondaryschool.Tetrainingincluded,amongothers,drills,topography,tactics
andcommunication.Andfrom1970–onthebasisoftheorderofthechairmanof
theNationalDefenseCommittee–theorganizationofmanagerialtrainingofthe
defensesystempersonnelofthePeople’sRepublicofPolandbegan.
From1976to1989thenamedefensiveadoptionwasintroduced.Tecurri-
culumincludes:civildefense,fireprotection,shootingtraining,communications,
topography,drillsandregulations,politicalanddefenseeducation,protectionof
thepopulationagainsttheefectsofmodernmeansofdestructionandothers.
Particularimportancewasgiventotheproblemofdefendingtheterritoryofthe
country.Attentionwaspaidtotheuniversaldefensetrainingofcitizensandpre-
paringthemtoperformspecificfunctionsinthestate’sdefensesystem.
In1992,theordinanceNo.36oftheMinisterofNationalEducationenters
intoforceonthetypeofschoolsinwhichstudentsaresubjecttotheobligationto
undergodefensivetrainingandtheprinciplesoforganizationofdefenseprepara-
tionclassesatschools.Itassumedthatstudentsofpublicandprivatesecondary
schoolsofalltypesweresubjecttotheobligationtoundergopreventivetraining.
Tenameeducationforsafetyappearedduringtheresearchonthesecurity
systemoftheRepublicofPoland,whichwasconductedattheNationalDefense
Academyin1993-1995.
31T.Siuda,K.Zaczek-Zaczyński,Edukacjaobronnamłodzieżyszkolnejiakademickiej,[in:]R.Stę-
pień(ed.),Współczesnezagadnieniaedukacjidlabezpieczeństwa,AkademiaObronyNarodowej,
Warszawa1999,pp.98-99.
