Byzantium and the Arabs

Teresa Wolińska, Paweł Filipczak

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7969-903-2

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2015

Liczba stron:

628

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Bibliografia:

. Byzantium and the Arabs. Red. Wolińska, Teresa; Filipczak, Paweł . : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2015, 628 s. ISBN 978-83-7969-903-2

Bibliografia refWorks:

RT Book, Whole

SR Electronic(1)

A2 Wolińska, T.

A2 Filipczak, P.

T1 Byzantium and the Arabs

PB Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

YR 2015

SN 978-83-7969-903-2

Bibliografia BibTex:

@Book{ 158560, author = "", editor = "Wolińska, Teresa and Filipczak, Paweł", title = "Byzantium and the Arabs", publisher = "Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego", year = "2015", address = "", isbn = "978-83-7969-903-2" }

Bibliografia endNote:

TY - BOOK

AU -

ED - Wolińska, Teresa

ED - Filipczak, Paweł

TI - Byzantium and the Arabs

PB - Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

CY -

PY - 2015

SN - 978-83-7969-903-2

ER -

Netografia (standard APA):

. Red. Wolińska, Teresa; Filipczak, Paweł. Byzantium and the Arabs [baza danych online] : Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2015 [dostęp: 06 09 2024]. Dostęp w Ibuk Libra: https://libra.ibuk.pl/reader/byzantium-and-the-arabs-teresa-wolinska-pawel-158560.

Byzantium, Byzantine, Arabs civilizations, Christian Churches

This book is an attempt at a reconstruction of complex relations between Byzantium and the Arabs from the sixth to the eighth century. It discusses the religious and political situation in the Middle East on the eve of the Arab conquest, character...

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ISBN/ISSN:

978-83-7969-903-2

DOI:

Wydawnictwo:

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego

Rok wydania:

2015

Liczba stron:

628

XML:ISBN/ISSN:

ONIX MARC21

Introduction10
1. Geography and Environmental Conditions of Syro-Palestine. The Region’s Geopolitical Importance in Late Antiquity Paweł Filipczak16
Part I. Before the Conquest16
2. Arabs, (H)agarenes, Ishmaelites, Saracens – a Few Remarks about Naming Teresa Wolińska31
3. The Arabs before Islam – the Birth of the New Religion Marek M. Dziekan47
4. The Goddesses of Pre-Islamic Arabia (Al-Lāt, Al-‘Uzzā, Manāt) Zofi A. Brzozowska64
5. Irfan Shahîd’s Theme System or John Haldon’s Myth of Themes. A Short Review of the Two Main Ideas of Themes in Syria Paweł Filipczak92
6. Byzantine Church before the Arab Conquest. Historical-Theological Aspects of Divisions in Churches of the East Sławomir Bralewski101
7. Difficult Neighbours. Enemies, Partners, Allies Teresa Wolińska159
1. Byzantium on the Eve of the Arab Expansion. Some Aspects of Government during the Reign of Heraclius I (610–641) Teresa Wolińska214
Part II. The Conquest214
2. Arab Expansion on Byzantine Territory (632–718) Błażej Cecota232
3. The Character of the Invasion. A Discussion of the Causes and Immediate Effects of the Muslim Expansion Teresa Wolińska279
4. Resistance, Passivity or Collaboration? Christians in Syria and Egypt Facing the Arab Conquest Teresa Wolińska297
1. Administration of the Arabic World: from Tribalism to the Umayyad Caliphate Hassan Badawy, Błażej Cecota324
Part III. After the Conquest324
2. Economic Institutions of Early Islam. The Creation of Bayt al-Māl ( ). From Tribal Treasury to the “Ministry of Finance” Hassan Badawy347
3. Christian Communities in the Territories Conquered by the Arabs (Seventh– Eighth Centuries) Marta Woźniak365
4. The Byzantines in the Context of the Ḳur’ān Marek M. Dziekan399
5. The Arabs and Islam in the Eyes of the Byzantines Teresa Wolińska427
6. A Byzantine Heritage? Outline of Art and Architecture of Early Islam (Seventh– Eighth Centuries) Marta Woźniak448
A Short Review of Arab Sources Marek M. Dziekan472
Sources – a Brief Overview Błażej Cecota, Marek M. Dziekan, Teresa Wolińska472
Greek, Syrian and Coptic Sources for the History of Byzantine-Arabic Relations in Sixth–Eighth Century Błażej Cecota, Teresa Wolińska480
Abbreviations494
Bibliography502
Indices576
Illustrations602

3.TeArabsbeforeIslam…

expandingthebordersoftheirstate,whichreachedasfarnorthasDamascus,

theystretchedtheirinﬂuenceoverAl-HidjśzandEgypt.Nabateanmerchants

travelledallovertheMediterranean,includingItaly.

Petra,knownfromthefourthcenturyBC,wasNabatea’scapital.Tecity’s

nameistranslatedas“arock”

.Indeed,itwassituatedamongrocksand,surround-

edbysteepclils,couldbeaccessedonlythroughanarrowandwindingpass.

Becauseofitsgeographicallocation,thecitywasverydifculttoconquer.Its

naturalconditionswiththestreamsﬂowingallyearround,providedenough

waterfornormalfunctioning,whichwasnotalwaystheruleinthatdesertre-

gion

16.Besides,itsinhabitants,unlikethepeoplelivingintheneighbouringter-

ritories,neversuleredfromwatershortages.Bytheendofthefourthcentury

BC,Petrahadalreadybecomeanimportanthubonthecaravanroutefrom

southernArabiatotheMediterraneanSea.Ofcrucialimportanceinthelifeof

thekingdomwasitsintermediaryroleinspicetrade.Tecityreachedtheheight

ofitsdevelopmentintheﬁrstcentury,duringthereignofKingAl-Har.thIII.

Temonumentalremainsofthecityareevidenceofthesplendouroftheep-

och17.Followingtheshifofthecaravanroutestothenorth,Petrawasbeginning

tofadeinimportanceinfavouroftheneighbouringPalmyra.105sawthefall

oftheNabateankingdomanditscapital.OneyearlaterArabiaPetreawasin-

corporatedintotheRomanEmpireasProvinciaArabia.Petra’sfatewassealed

bytheearthquakesthattookplace,in110,303,and505.Later,beforeitfell

intooblivion,thecitywasbrieﬂyusedbycrusadersastheirstronghold.Itwas

notuntilthenineteenthcenturythatitwasrediscovered.Seriousarcheological

excavationshavecontinuedtheresince1965.

AlthoughtheNabateanshadtheirownlanguage,theyquicklyadopted

thelinguafancaofthetime,thatis,Aramaic.However,Arabic(Nabatean)

remainedaspokenlanguage,withaversionoftheAramaicalphabet,called

theNabateanscript,usedinwriting.Overthecenturiesitunderwentgradual

modiﬁcation,ﬁnallyassumingtheformofmodernArabic.

AtﬁrsttheNabateansledanexclusivelypastoralnomadiclife.Withtime,

someofthemsettledincitiesandbegantooccupythemselveswithtrade.Tecities

16C.Blánquez-Pérez,Cisternas,canalesypresas:elsistemahidráuliconabateoenPe-

tra,[in:]Dialécticahistóricaycompromisosocial.HomenajeaDomingoPlácido,vol.III,Zaragoza

2010,pp.1493-1506.

17ApartfromthemonographsIhavealreadymentioned,seealso:T.R.Paradise,Ar-

chitectureandDeteriorationinPetra:Issues,trendsandwarnings,[in:]ArchaeologicalHeritage

atPetra:DrivetoDevelopmentorDestruction?,ed.D.Comer,NewYork2011,pp.87-119;

idem,WeatheringofSandstoneArchitectureinPetra,Jordan:InﬂuencesandRates,[in:]Stone

DecayintheArchitecturalEnvironment,ed.A.V

.Turkington,NewYork2005,pp.39-49.

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