Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
TheeffectsofsocialcoexistenceasexemplifiedbyaregioninHungary
NationalminoritiesinBékésCounty
17
Slovaks
Slovakssettled(orweresettled)inpresent-dayHungarybyarrivingfromthe
northernoverpopulatedcountiesattheendofthe17thcenturyaftertheexpul-
sionoftheTurks.Atthebeginningofthe18thcentury,thesettlementofSlovaks
progressedinanorganizedmanner,thatisinawayaidedbythesettlement
organizers;thethenlandownersfrequentlyhadbroughttheSlovaksintothe
countrywithstatelicencestotheirabandonedlandproperty.Duringthisphase,
aseriesofindependentSlovaksettlementsandenclavescameintobeing.Baron
JánosHarruckenlocatedtheSlovaksettlersinthethenterritoryofBékéscounty,
thereforetheygottoBékéscsaba,Szarvas,andMezőberény.The19thcentury
wascharacterizedbyfurthermigrations.Atthetime,theSlovaksofBékéscsaba
foundedTótkomlósandApateleku,andnext,bymovingtothenorth,theyar-
rivedinNyíregyháza.ThenewestSlovaksettlementsareKétsopronyandTel-
ekgerendásintheBékéscountry,theshapeofwhichcametobeingasaresultof
consolidationofformerhomesteadsatthebeginningofthe1950s.
Whenitcomestoreligiosity,accordingtothedataofthe2001census,
46.6%oftheSlovaksinHungaryareRomanCatholic,29.9%areLutheran,
4.8%areReformed,and2.5%declaretobelongtootherChristiandenomina-
tions.Thelackofaffiliationtoanychurchorreligiouscommunityisdeclared
by10.7%ofSlovaks,while4.6%ofthemdeclinetoanswerthequestionon
religiousaffiliation.
Theabove-mentionedproportionsarethought-provoking,sinceaccordingto
thedataofthe1920census,intermsofthedistributionofreligiousdenomina-
tions,Békéscountysignificantlydifferedfromthenationalaverage.Afterthe
settlementinthe18thcentury,clearProtestantdominancewascharacteristic
ofthecounty,whichremainedthesameinthe20thcentury.Duringthattime
theproportionofRomanCatholicsinHungarywas64.0%,whereasLutherans
constituted6.2%,andtheshareofReformedwas20.9%.Fromthepointofview
oftheentireHungarianstate,thesituationoftheGreekCatholicswasinterest-
ing,sincetheirproportionwas2.2%,whereastheOrthodoxmerelyamounted
to0.6%fromofoverallpopulation.
ThedatapresentedinFigure2revealthefactthatinBékéscountyProt-
estantslivedinaproportionmuchhigherthanthenationalaverage.Asto
Reformed,theirnumberwas150%ofthenationalaverage,andthenumberof
Orthodoxwasnearlyfourtimesthenationalaverage,whereasthenumberof
Lutheranswasonlyslightlyaboveit.Moreover,thesedatadidnotrefertothe
particularnationalminorities,buttotheentirepopulation.Ifin1920thepro-
portionofreligiousaffiliationsamongdifferentnationalitieshadbeenmeasured
