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TheeffectsofsocialcoexistenceasexemplifiedbyaregioninHungary
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landownerssettledRomanians.Theresultofsuchasettlement(s)was,among
others,comingintobeingofcreolizedpopulation,forexampleinCsorvásand
LökösházainBékésCounty,butinthelater,theRomanianseventuallybecame
completelyMagyarized.Atthesametime,however,settlementswithentirely
Romanianpopulationevolved(insmallernumbers)inBékéscounty.Theywere
forexampleMéhkerék,Kétegyháza,andPusztaottlaka.
Whenitcomestoreligion,thevastmajorityofRomaniansinHungary
belongtotheOrthodoxChurchwithinwhichwecandistinguish20congrega-
tions.Theircharacteristicfeatureisthelanguageofboththeliturgyandthe
internalchurchadministration,thatis,Romanian.Additionally,thenumberof
GreekCatholicsandBaptistsissignificantamongtheRomaniansinHungary.
Attheendofthe19thcentury,theHungarianlanguagebecamemorepopular
amonstGreekCatholicandcertainBaptisthousesofworship,chieflyinthe
BiharCounty.Upuntiltoday,merelythreeBaptistcommunitiesstillusetheir
mothertongue,namely,Magyarcsanád,Méhkerék,andKétegyháza.
Germans
CertaintiersofHungarianGermanscametotheircurrentplaceofresidencein
distinctivedemographicwaves.Thus,differentfactorsmusthavebeenatplay
here.Inthisrespect,theperiodoftheTurkishoccupation,moreprecisely,the
momentofliberatingthecountryfromTurkishruleattheendofthe17thcen-
tury,wasamilestoneinthisprocess.TheHungarianlandowners’“recruitment
agents”werelookingforpeoplewillingtomigratemainlyinthesouthernand
centralGermany.WhatwasofsignificanceherewasalsothefactthatLutheran
andCalvinistGermanpeasantscouldrelyonaconsiderablymoresecureshelter
fromtheProtestantHungarianlandownersthantheonetheywerereceivingin
theGermanorAustrianprovinceswhichweretormentedbyCounter-Refor-
mationatthetime.TheGermannationalminoritygroupsarelargerprimarily
inBaranya,Tolna,andBács-Kiskuncounties,whereassmallerGermangroups
occurinAlmáskamarás,Elek,Gyula,Kétegyháza,andMezőberényinBékés
County.
Roma
Romapeopleconstitutethelargestofficiallyrecognizedminorityofthecountry.
AmongtheethnicgroupscurrentlylivinginHungary,onlyRomahavenostate
oftheirown;basedonwhich,theyarenotdefinedasnationalminoritybut
anethnicone.Ifweanalyzetheirhistory,itwillappearthathasbeenoneof
constantpersecutionandmigration.Inthe18thcentury,MariaTheresapassed