Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
20
ImreLipcsei
severaldecreestoregulatethecompulsorysettlementofRomapeople.How-
ever,thesestrictlysupervisedmeasuresprovedonlypartiallysuccessful.
VariousgroupsofRomawereskilledatdifferenttrades.Forexample,the
LovariRomawerethemostfamoushorsedealersoperatinginHungarianfairs
sincethe19thcentury.Theywereknownfortheirunsurpassedskillsandlove
ofhorses.TheBoyashRomawhohadbeenemigratingfromRomaniainthe
19thcenturypursuedanitinerantwayoflife,andtheyoffereddifferentserv-
icestothesettledvillagers,suchas:braziery,knifegrinding,horseshoeing,
makingadobe,basketry,etc.Inthe20thcentury,spreadingofmass-produced
manufacturedgoodsmadethetraditionaloccupationsofRomapeopleredundant
invillages.Moreover,thelawsenecatedbetweenthetwoworldwarslimited
theactivityofitineranttraders,sothemajorityofRomabecameunemployed,
whichledtosocialconflicts.Romawereentirelyleftoutofthepostwarland
distributionandofferednewwaystoearnlivelihood.MostofRomapeople
landedseasonalunskilledjobsyetmenwerealsodirectedtowardsremote
industrialcenters.So,manycountrymen“commuted,”thatisduringworking
weeks,theylivedinworkers’hostelsprovidedbyemploymentagencies.Since
thelate1960s,theeliminationofRomasettlementsbegan,wichmeantthat
Romapeopleweregivenpreferentialloanstopurchasehouses.Thus,they
weregivenchancetotakepossessionofoldvacanthousesinmanyvillages.
Romasettlementandmovingtovillages,however,metwithsocialresistancein
someplaces,becauseafterRomapeoplehadmovedin,thevalueofproperty
decreased,triggeringmigrationofthenativesfromthevillages.
Generallyspeaking,Romapeopledisplayaconsiderablylowerlevelof
educationthanthenationalaverage,whichobviouslytranslatesintothehighest
levelofunemploymentamongnationalandethnicminorities(thisphenomenon
especiallyaffectstheRomawomen).
Inmostcases,theRomanireligionisidenticaltothatofthepeopleliv-
ingaroundthem.WithintheRomanCatholicChurch,theinstitutionsofRoma
pastoralcounsellingdealwiththetargetedmentalhealthcareoftheRoma.
Thesituationofnationalminoritieseducation
inHungary
Theendeavourtoattaintheconditionsoftolerance,leadingtopeacefulcoex-
istence,startsatschool.Onthepartofminoritycultures,educationfromits
earlystagesassiststhemintheprocessofunderstandingthemajoritysociety’s
tradition,values,culture,aswellastherulesofpeacefulcoexistence.What
ismore,overtheperiodofeducation,theminoritieshaveachancetoobtain
