Treść książki
Przejdź do opcji czytnikaPrzejdź do nawigacjiPrzejdź do informacjiPrzejdź do stopki
TheeffectsofsocialcoexistenceasexemplifiedbyaregioninHungary
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studentstakesplaceintheWallachianlanguage.Atthesameplace,Baptist,
Wallachian-speakingstudentsalsolearnreligioninWallachian,butnotcompul-
sorily”(Sub-PrefectReport6278/1924ArchivesofBékésCounty6278/1924).
InTótkomlós,becauseofthenumerousSlovakpopulation,thenational
minoritiesconstitutedthemajorityofstudentsinpublicschools;therefore,the
Slovaklanguagewasoptionallyusedduringtheclassesofreligiouseducation
ofLutheranSlovak-speakingstudentsaswell.
EventhoughthepersonsinchargeoftheHungarianeducationalpoliciesat
thetimedidnotpromoteinstructioninthelanguageofminorities,theycreated
theconditionsforittothrive.InthedecreeNumber62.800-VIII.of1925,the
curriculumforthemothertongueandtheHungarianlanguageinelementary
schoolswithinstructionentirelyinthelanguageofminoritieswerespecified.
Itdeclaredthatminoritystudentsmustalsoacquaintthemselveswiththegeog-
raphyandhistoryofHungary,thecivilrightsandobligations.Forthesakeof
bettercomprehension,thisknowledgealsohadtobeimpartedinthelanguages
ofthenationalminorities,buttheywereatthesametimeexpectedtolearnthe
Hungarianlanguageatappropriatelevel.Thedecreedrawstheteachers’atten-
tiontothefollowingrecommendations:“[…]inexercisesdevelopingspeaking
andthinkingandwhilecommunicatingwithstudents,teachersshouldconvey
alltheknowledgeinthestudents’mothertonguealsowhilepractisingthe
Hungarianlanguage.Teachersshouldpreparethetopicswhichtheyteachin
Hungarianwiththehelpofthemothertonguetosuchanextentthatstudents
shouldbeabletogiveanaccountofwhattheyhavelearntcoherentlyintheir
mothertongue”(OfficialGazette,1927).
AftertheSecondWorldWarin1945,theProvisionalNationalGovernment
declaredinitsdecreeNumber10030/1945.M.E.thatinprimaryschoolswith
atleast10minorityparentsitshallberequiredtomakedecisionoutoftwo
optionsbymeansofasecretballot:
1.InstructionisdeliveredinthemothertongueinsuchamannerthattheHun-
garianlanguageshouldappearonlyasasubject.
2.Hungarianshouldbethelanguageofinstructionandstudentsshouldonly
learntheminoritylanguageasaseparatesubject.
Secondarynationaleducationwasregulatedbyotherdecrees.Thoseprovi-
sionssuggestedthattheperiodofreconstruction,whichwasaperiodofmomen-
tarypoliticalpluralism,equalitywaspresentinHungariannationaleducation.
TheHungarianpoliticalsituationchangedin1948.Asaresultofthefor-
mationoftheone-partysystemnationalisttendenciesbecameeverstronger.
Aftertheexchangeofpopulation,duringtheperiodofthecultofpersonality,
itwasclaimedthatthenationalityissueshouldnotbedealtwithbecausethis
“problem”wouldgraduallyresolvewithtime.Thenationalandethnicminori-
ties,overthefollowingyears,wouldbeassimilatedortheywouldblendinto
theHungariannationthroughmarriages,education,andculture.
