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ImreLipcsei
Thenationalminorities,however,didnotgivein.Thepoliticalpower
couldnotcompetewiththebottom-upinitiatives.Therefore,despitethenot
veryadventageousatmosphere,thenationalminoritieseducationsystemwas
established.Inadditiontoprimaryandsecondaryeducation,thetrainingof
minorityteachersbegan.
AftertheHungarianRevolutionof1956,thisrelativeimprovementofthe
minorities’situationsoonsubsided.Thenationalminoritieseducationwasover-
shadowed,itsconditionsworsened,butinspiteofthesenegativetendencie,it
didnotceasetoexist.Thedevotionofthenationalminoritiestotheirrespec-
tivemothertonguesandcultureswassostrongthatitbecameincreasingly
obvioustotheseniorleadership,stillengagedin“buildingsocialism”atthat
time,thattheycouldnotabolishthefundamentalrightsofnationalminorities.
Ofcourse,therestillwerealotofconstrainsonthisbottom-upprocess,but
withsomecompromises,nationalminoritieseducationbegantobloomagain.
Thesaidrevivaliscorroboratedbythefactthatkindergarten,lowprimaryand
upperprimary,aswellassecondaryschoolteacherstraining,wereallprovided
foreachnationalminority.Inadditiontothis,differentcentralandregional
organizationshaveappearedagaintohelpteachertraininginitsentirety.
NationalminoritieseducationinSzarvas
Theannalswhichcontaintherecordsofthementionedyears,specificallyin
referencetotheyear1959drawattentiontothefactthatevenduringthosedays
therangeofinstitutionalminoritieseducationcoveredtheentirestate.Similarly
tothecurrentsituation,nottoomanystudents,however,appliedtothisinstitu-
tionatthattime,despitethefactthatapplicantscouldbenefitfromdifferent
typesofallowances.Forexample,theycouldsitfortheentranceexaminationin
thelanguageofthenationalminorities,andapartfromtheiracademicachieve-
ment,theywerelocatedatstudents’hostels.
Thequotaproposedbytheministrycouldnotbeintroducedevenifthe
fixedratiowasnottoohigh.Initially,itwasdeterminedthatthenumberof
minoritystudentstobesubsidizedwastobe6,andlater110.
Figure3presentsdataconcerningthenumberofgraduateswhichisdivided
intoten-yearperiods.
Theremaybeseveralreasonsforsuchalownumberofstudents.Onthe
onehand,thenumberofstudentsgraduatingfromtheminorityhighschoolsis
nottoohigh,andnotallthestudentsgraduatingfromsuchahighschoolwant
tocontinuetheirstudies.Onetheotherhand,anotherreasonforthelowrate
offrequentingtheseinstitutionsliesinthefactthatschoolgraduates,evenif