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inSwedenandNorway,almostatthesametime.Designhasbecomeapopular
conference,article,workshoptopic.Ithasalsooccurredinsomecountries’
doctrines,includingthoseofNATOAJPpublications.
WhensettingthePolishdirectionapproach,weassumedittobepart
ofalargerprojectwhichconsistsofthethreepillars,i.e.operationalart,
operationsplanningprocessanddesign,complementarytooneanother.
Temonographconsistsofsixchapters.
Tefirstchapterisdevotedtotheoperationalartphenomenonanalysis
-itscauses,objectives,andemergence.Teauthorattemptstoshowthatthe
operationsphenomenonisanaturalconsequenceofcivilisationdevelopment
andakindoftheartofwarfareadaptationwartonewconditions-these
resultfromthetremendoussocialchangesinthe17th-19thcenturiesandthe
demographicdevelopmentthechangestriggered.Teauthorexaminesthe
evidenceandprovesthattheoperationemergenceisanaturalconsequence
ofthemass,standingandconscriptarmyformation,financedbyamodern,
reorganisedcivilsociety.Tischapteralsoattemptstoanalysetheobjectives
oftheoperationalartasascientificfieldwhichdealswithoperationsmethods
asapartofmodernarmies’greatcampaigns.
Tesecondchapterdiscussesthecontemporaryoperationalartissues
astheartofwarfarecategory,theissuewhichstillstirscontroversiesinthe
academicmilieus.Techapterisanattempttodescribeoperationalart
place,role,andapplication,itsrelationtootherartofwarfarecategories,i.e.
strategyandtactics.Techapteralsopresentsthecontemporaryoperational
artevolutionbasedontheAmericanandalliedcountries’doctrinescontents
analysis.
Tethirdchapteranalysesthethreeapproachestotheoperationalartand
theoperationsplanningprocess,i.e.traditional(causal),systemicanddesign.
Tetraditionalapproachistargetedatidentifyingthesimpleelementsofthe
operationalenvironmentphenomena.Eachproblemisdividedintoasmany
partsaspossibletofindthebestsolution.Teprocessesstudiedwiththeuse
ofthismethodrelatetocause-eńectchains,andthelineofthinkingislinear
inmostcases.Tesystemicapproachaddressescomplexitythroughaholistic
systemanalysis(inacomprehensiveway).Tesystemiscomprehendedby
examiningtheconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenelementsthesystemis
composedof.Tein-the-systemrelationsandinteractionsandtheexternal
factorswhichańectthesystemmakeitpossibletounderstandthesystem’s
logic.Tedesignapproach,ontheotherhand,alsousesaholistic,systemic
viewofacrisisoraconflict.However,itattemptstoovercomeasomewhat
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